Sur l'étiquette et l'encouragement des autres à faire le bien

2..Faḍālah ibn Ayyūb narrated from al-Fuḍayl ibn ʿUthmān, from ʿUbayd ibn Zurārah who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) say, ‘Indeed I dislike a man who seeks to please his Lord with something while not having anything better than it [to offer]. So when I see him prolonging his bowing I say: O [base] soul! And when I see him prolonging his prostration, I say: O [base] soul!’”[1]

Je déteste voir un homme qui cherche à plaire à son Seigneur en faisant quelque chose qui n'est pas meilleur que ce qu'il fait déjà. Si je le vois prolonger l'inclinaison, je dis : "Ô mon âme !" Et s'il le vois prolonger la prosternation, je dis : "Ô mon âme !"

3.ʿAlī ibn al-Nuʿmān narrated to us from Ibn Muskān, from Sulaymān ibn Khālid, from Abū Jaʿfar (a) who said, “Should I not inform you about Islam: its branch, its root, its summit and its peak?” I said, “Yes, indeed, may I be your ransom!” He said, “As for its root [and foundation], it is prayer; as for its branch, it is zakāt (alms-tax); as for its summit and peak, it is jihād (holy struggle).”

Ne devrais-je pas vous informer sur l'Islam, dont la racine est la prière, la branche est l'aumône et le sommet est le djihad?

4.Ḥammād ibn ʿĪsā narrated from Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUmar al-Yamānī who attributed the statement to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a), that he would say, “The best things through which the supplicants can entreat Allah are: faith in Allah and His Messenger, jihād in the way of Allah, acknowledgement of [His] oneness (kalimat al-ikhlāṣ) – for indeed it is something [that is embedded] in the innate nature (fiṭrah), establishing prayer – forindeed it is the [pillar of the] creed (millah), giving the zakāt (alms-tax) – for indeed it is part of what is obligatorily due to Allah, fasting in the month of Ramaḍān – forindeed it is a shield from His chastisement, pilgrimage to the House [of Allah] – forindeed it alleviates poverty and wipes away sin, maintaining ties with near of kin – for indeed it is a means of increasing one’s wealth and delaying one’s death, giving charity in secret – for indeed it does away with sin and extinguishes divine wrath, and [doing] good turns – for indeed they repel tragic death and protect [one] from falling into disrepute [and disgrace]. Ensure that you are [always] honest, for Allah is with the one who is truthful, and turn aside from falsehood, for indeed lies take one away from faith. Know that the truthful one is close to salvation and honor, while the liar is on the brink of humiliation and destruction. Speak [only] what is good and you will be known for it, act upon it and you will become one of its folk. Return the trust to the one who entrusted it to you, and keep ties with the near of kin and turn towards them in kindness.”

Certes, ce par quoi les suppliants se rapprochent le plus d'Allah est la foi en Allah et en Son Messager, le jihad dans le chemin d'Allah, la parole de sincérité, car c'est la nature primordiale, l'accomplissement de la prière, car c'est la religion, le paiement de la zakat, car c'est un devoir envers Allah, le jeûne du mois de Ramadan, car c'est une protection contre Son châtiment, le pèlerinage à la Maison sacrée, car c'est un moyen d'éloigner la pauvreté et d'effacer les péchés, maintenir les liens de parenté, car c'est une augmentation des biens et une prolongation de la vie, donner en charité en secret, car cela efface les péchés et apaise la colère du Seigneur, faire le bien envers autrui, car cela éloigne une mort honteuse et protège contre l'humiliation. Alors, soyez véridiques, car Allah est avec les véridiques, et éloignez-vous du mensonge, car le mensonge éloigne de la foi, sauf dans le cas où le mensonge mène à la préservation ou à l'honneur. Dites des paroles bienveillantes par lesquelles vous serez reconnus et agissez en conséquence pour en être dignes. Rendez les dépôts à ceux qui vous les ont confiés, maintenez les liens familiaux et récompensez ceux qui vous ont fait du bien.

5.Al-Qāsim and Faḍālah narrated from Abān ibn ʿUthmān, from alṢabbāḥ ibn Sayābah who said, “I heard a statement that was attributed to the Prophet (ṣ), that he said, ‘The felicitous is he who was felicitous in the womb of his mother, and the wretched is he who was wretched in the womb of his mother. And the felicitous is he who takes admonition from [the condition of] others. The most sagacious of all is he who is Godwary while the most foolish of all is he who is morally corrupt. The worst of narrations is the false narration, and the worst of affairs are those that are innovated [in religion]. The worst blindness is the blindness of the heart, and the worst regret is when death comes to one of you. The greatest regret is the regret on the Day of Resurrection, and the greatest sin in the sight of Allah is that of a lying tongue. The worst profit is that which is earned through interest, and the worst provision is that which is consumed wrongfully from the wealth of orphans. The best adornment for a man is righteous guidance with faith, through it he acquires control of his affair and ensures a good end [to his worldly life]. He who desires renown, Allah causes him to be disgraced, and whoever relies on this world is let down [and rendered unable to attain what he seeks]. Whoever understands [the reality of] trial remains patient when faced by it, but he who does not understand it recoils [from it]. Sin is disbelief, and whoever acts arrogantly is abased by Allah. Whoever obeys Satan disobeys Allah, and whoever disobeys Allah will be punished by Him. Whoever is grateful He grants him more.” Al-Qāsim said in his narration, “Whoever bears the calamity [that befalls him] patiently, Allah will restore him [to his previous position, or better than that], and whoever puts his trust in Allah, then Allah will suffice him. Do not anger Allah for the sake of pleasing anyone among His creation, and do not [attempt to] get close to anyone among the creatures by distancing yourself from Allah, for verily there is nothing between Allah and any of His creation by which He grants him some good or repels from him something evil except through obedience to Him. Indeed, obedience to Allah is a means of successfully attaining all the good that is sought and deliverance from every evil that is dreaded. Verily Allah protects the one who obeys Him and does not protect the one who disobeys Him; and the fugitive from Allah finds no place to [which he may] escape. Certainly, the decree of Allah will come to pass even if the creatures are averse to it, and everything that approaches is near. Whatever Allah wills happens, and whatever He does not will does not happen. Assist each other in virtue and Godwariness, and do not cooperate in sin and transgression; and be mindful of Allah, indeed Allah is severe in punishment.’”

"Le bienheureux est celui qui est béni dans le ventre de sa mère, et le malheureux est celui qui est maudit dans le ventre de sa mère. Le bienheureux est celui qui conseille les autres, et le plus sage est celui qui se retient. Le plus fou est celui qui est impie. La pire des narrations est un mensonge. Les pires des choses sont les innovations. La pire des cécités est celle du cœur. Le pire des regrets est lorsque la mort approche l'un de vous. Le plus grand des regrets est le jour de la Résurrection. La plus grande des erreurs aux yeux d'Allah est la langue mensongère. Le pire des gains est le gain de l'usure. Le pire des repas est de manger injustement les biens de l'orphelin. La plus belle parure d'un homme est sa bonne moralité avec sa foi. Contrôlez votre affaire et surveillez vos paroles. Celui qui recherche la renommée, Allah fera connaître ses péchés. Celui qui place sa confiance dans ce monde sera désavoué. Celui qui reconnaît l'épreuve y fera preuve de patience. Celui qui ne la reconnaît pas sera accablé. Le péché est ingratitude. Celui qui s'enorgueillit sera humilié par Allah. Celui qui obéit à Satan désobéit à Allah. Celui qui désobéit à Allah sera châtié. Celui qui Le remercie sera récompensé. Qasim a ajouté dans son récit : Celui qui endure la pauvreté sera suivi par Allah. Celui qui place sa confiance en Allah, Allah lui suffit. Ne provoquez pas la colère d'Allah en étant satisfaits de la satisfaction de l'un de Ses créatures. Ne vous rapprochez d'aucune créature en vous éloignant d'Allah, car Allah ne permettra à aucune de Ses créatures de vous faire du bien ou de vous protéger du mal, sauf en obéissant à Lui. L'obéissance à Allah est le succès dans la recherche de tout bien et la protection contre tout mal. Allah protège ceux qui Lui obéissent, mais Il ne protège pas ceux qui Lui désobéissent. Celui qui fuit d'Allah ne trouvera aucun refuge. Le décret d'Allah s'accomplit, même si les créatures le répugnent. Tout ce qu'Allah veut arrive, et ce qu'Il ne veut pas n'arrive pas. Entraidez-vous dans la piété et la crainte d'Allah, et ne vous entraidez pas dans le péché et l'agression. Craignez Allah, car Allah est sévère en punition."

6.Al-Qāsim and Faḍālah [also] narrated from Abān, from al-Ḥasan alṢayqal who said, “I asked Abā ʿAbdillāh (a), ‘Is an hour of contemplation better than standing vigil [in worship] at night?’ He replied, ‘Yes. The Messenger of Allah (ṣ) said that an hour of contemplation is better than standing for nightly-worship.’ I asked, ‘How should one contemplate?’ He said, ‘One should pass by ruins and [long abandoned] dwellings and [think to himself]saying, “Where are your inhabitants? Where are those who constructed you? Why do you not respond!?”’”

Réfléchir pendant une heure est meilleur que de passer la nuit en prière.

7.Muḥammad ibn Abī ʿUmayr narrated from al-Naḍr, from Ibn Sinān, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) who said, “The Messenger of Allah (ṣ) said in a sermon, ‘Should I not inform you about the best of creation in this world and the Hereafter? [It is] the forgiveness offered to one who wrongs you, the good that is done to one who does you evil, and giving one who deprives you.’ And the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) said, ‘In mutual hatred there is severance. I do not mean the severing of hair [through shaving]; rather, I mean the severance of faith.’”

Le Messager d'Allah صلى الله عليه وآله a dit dans un sermon : "Ne devrais-je pas vous informer des meilleures créatures d'ici-bas et de l'au-delà ? : C'est le pardon envers ceux qui vous ont fait du tort, la bienfaisance envers ceux qui ont été injustes envers vous, donner à ceux qui vous ont privés. Et le Messager d'Allah (ص) a dit : "Dans la rancune excessive, je ne veux pas dire le rasage des cheveux, mais je veux dire le rasage de la religion."

8.Faḍālah ibn Ayyūb narrated from ʿAbdullāh ibn Yazīd, from ʿAlī ibn Yaʿqūb who said, “Abū ʿAbdillāh said to me, ‘Let people not delude you from yourself, for verily recompense [for your deeds] will reach you, not them. And let your day not be spent on this and that [which is of no benefit], for indeed with you is one who records your deeds. And do not consider the little good [you do] to be insignificant, for indeed you will see it tomorrow in a way that will please you. And do not consider the little evil [you do] to be insignificant, for indeed you will see it tomorrow in a manner that will displease you. And do good [to others], for I have not seen anything more intense in seeking out, nor quicker in catching up with, an old sin [and effacing it] than a good deed. Indeed Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: Verily good deeds wipe out evil deeds. That is a reminder for the mindful. (Q11:114)”

Ne te laisse pas tromper par les gens à propos de toi-même, car la récompense t'atteindra sans eux. Ne laisse pas le jour te quitter avec telle ou telle chose, car tu as quelqu'un qui veille sur toi. Ne sous-estime pas le peu de bien que tu fais, car tu le verras demain d'une manière qui te réjouira. Et ne sous-estime pas le peu de mal que tu fais, car tu le verras demain d'une manière qui te déplaira. Et sache que je n'ai rien vu de plus recherché ni de plus rapidement atteint qu'une bonne action pour un péché ancien. Certes, Allah, exalté soit-Il, dit : Les bonnes actions effacent les mauvaises actions. Cela est un rappel pour ceux qui se rappellent.

9.ʿUthmān ibn ʿĪsā narrated from Samāʿah who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) saying to a man, ‘Why is it that you hurt the Messenger of Allah (ṣ)?’ So the man said to him, ‘May I be your ransom! How do we hurt him?’ He said, ‘Do you not know that your actions are presented to him? So when he sees that they contain [acts of] disobedience to Allah, that hurts him. Do not hurt the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) and please him [instead (by your good deeds)].’”

[votre traduction du contenu principal du hadith]

10.ʿUthmān ibn ʿĪsā narrated from Samāʿah who said, “I heard Abā alḤasan Mūsā (a) saying, ‘Do not consider [your] many good deeds as abundant, and do not consider [your] few sins as paltry, for verily sins that are few keep accumulating until they become many. And fear Allah in [both] private and public, until you behave in a fair manner [with others]. Hasten towards the obedience of Allah, be truthful in speech, and fulfil the trust [that is entrusted to you], for indeed this is for your own benefit. Do not oppress [anyone] and do not enter into that which is impermissible for you, as that is to your detriment.’”

Ne cherchez pas à accumuler abondamment les bonnes actions, ni à minimiser les péchés, car les petits péchés s'accumulent jusqu'à devenir nombreux. Craignez Allah en public et en privé, jusqu'à ce que vous vous donniez à vous-mêmes la moitié. Hâtez-vous d'obéir à Allah, soyez véridiques dans vos paroles, et remplissez vos engagements, car cela vous est bénéfique. Ne commettez pas d'injustice, et ne vous engagez pas dans ce qui ne vous est pas permis, car cela vous sera imputé.

11.Al-Ḥasan ibn Maḥbūb narrated from ʿAlī ibn Riʾāb, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) who said, “Whoever loves for the sake of Allah, hates for the sake of Allah, and gives for the sake of Allah, is among those whose faith is complete.”

Celui qui aime pour Allah, qui déteste pour Allah et qui donne pour Allah, fait partie de ceux dont la foi est complète.

12.Also [narrated] from him (a), that he said, “Among the firmest handles of faith are that you love for Allah, hate for Allah, give for Allah, and withhold for Allah.”

L'une des attaches les plus solides de la foi est d'aimer pour Allah, de détester pour Allah, de donner pour Allah et de refuser pour Allah.

13.Al-Naḍr ibn Suwayd narrated from Zurʿah, from Abū Baṣīr who said, “I asked Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) about the verse wherein Allah, the Exalted, says: Guard yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is humans and stones (Q66:6), and said, ‘This is my soul that I am guarding, but how should I guard my family?’ He replied, ‘By instructing them to do as Allah has commanded, and forbidding them from what Allah has forbidden. Then if they obey you, you will have guarded them [from it], but if they disobey you, you will have fulfilled your responsibility.’”

J'ai interrogé Abū ‘Abd Allāh (sur lui la paix) au sujet de la parole d’Allāh, qu’Il soit exalté : "Préservez-vous, ainsi que vos familles, d’un Feu dont le combustible sera les gens et les pierres." J'ai dit : "Ceci concerne ma propre personne que je dois protéger, mais comment protéger ma famille ?" Il a répondu : "Ordonne-leur ce qu’Allāh a ordonné et interdis-leur ce qu’Allāh a interdit, alors tu les auras protégés. Et s'ils te désobéissent, tu auras alors accompli ce qui était sur toi."

14.Al-Naḍr ibn Suwayd narrated from Ḥasan, from Abū Baṣīr who said, “I asked Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) about the verse wherein Allah, to Whom belong might and majesty, says: Be mindful of Allah in the manner which He deserves (Q3:102), so he said, ‘He is to be obeyed and never disobeyed, remembered and never forgotten, thanked and never shown ingratitude.’”

J'ai demandé à Abū ʿAbd Allāh (sur lui la paix) au sujet de la parole d'Allāh, le Puissant et Majestueux : « Craignez Allāh autant qu'il convient de Le craindre. » Il a dit : Cela signifie obéir sans désobéir, se souvenir sans oublier, et remercier sans ingratitude.

15.Al-Naḍr ibn Suwayd narrated from Durust, from Abū Salamah, from Abū Yaʿqūb who said, “Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) said, ‘Three things are such that people cannot [easily] bear them: pardoning [the wrongs of] others, assisting someone [else] with one’s wealth, and remembering Allah often.’” Ibn Abī Yaʿqūb said, “Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) said, ‘Whoever speaks regarding [a matter pertaining to] justice yet goes against it [himself] to something else, he shall be burdened with [great] regret on the Day of Resurrection.’”

Pardonner aux gens, compatir avec un homme dans ses biens, et mentionner Allah abondamment.

16.It is narrated from al-Naḍr, from Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, from Zayd al-Shaḥḥām who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) say, ‘Beware of the violent strikes of Allah by night and by day.’ So I asked, ‘What are the violent strikes of Allah?’ He said, ‘His punishment for [your] sins.’”

Méfiez-vous des prises de Dieu de jour comme de nuit. Il les saisit pour les péchés.

17.Al-Ḥasan ibn Maḥbūb narrated from Abū Ḥamzah al-Thumālī who said, “ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (a) said, ‘One who acts upon what Allah has made obligatory on him, he is among the best of people; and whoever eschews what Allah has forbidden him, he is among the most devoted of people; and whoever is content with what Allah has allotted for him, he is among the richest of people.’”

Celui qui accomplit ce qu'Allah lui a prescrit est parmi les meilleures des personnes, celui qui évite ce qu'Allah lui a interdit est parmi les plus dévoués des gens, et celui qui se contente de ce qu'Allah lui a attribué est parmi les plus riches des gens.

18.ʿAlī ibn al-Nuʿmān narrated from Ibn Muskān, from Dāwūd ibn Farqad, from Abū Shaybah al-Zuhrī, from one of the two [Imams] (a) who said, “Woe be to the one who does not obey Allah through enjoining good and forbidding evil.” He [further] said, “Whoever says ‘There is no god but Allah’ will never go through the heavenly realms until his statement is complemented with righteous action. And one who submits to Allah without following a just Imām has no religion; and one who submits to Allah yet obeys an unjust person has no religion.” He [also] said, “All communities were deluded by seeking more [of this world than others], until they visited the graves.” He [further] said, “One who does good and does not sin is better than one who does good and [also] sins. And one who does good and sins is better than one who [only] sins and does no good.” And he said, “Stopping when in doubt is better than plunging into destruction.”

Malheur à celui qui ne commande pas le convenable et ne prohibe pas le blâmable. Celui qui dit "Il n'y a de divinité digne d'adoration qu'Allah" n'entrera pas au Royaume des cieux tant qu'il n'aura pas accompli une bonne action. Il n'y a pas de religion pour celui qui juge sans un imam juste, ni pour celui qui obéit à un oppresseur. Chaque peuple a été égaré par l'orgueil jusqu'à visiter les tombes. Celui qui fait le bien sans commettre le mal est meilleur que celui qui fait le bien et le mal. Et celui qui fait le bien et le mal est meilleur que celui qui fait le mal sans faire le bien. S'abstenir de la suspicion est meilleur que de s'engager dans la destruction.

19.Faḍālah narrated from Fuḍayl ibn ʿUthmān, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) whom he asked for advice so he said, “I advise you to espouse Godwariness, be truthful in [your] speech, return the trusts [entrusted to you], and be a good companion to the one who accompanies you. In the moments just before sunrise and sunset, supplicate [to Allah] and strive hard [to maintain this practice], and do not hold back from asking anything from your Lord. Do not say [to yourself], ‘This is something that He will not grant me,’ and supplicate [for everything you need], for verily Allah does as He wills.”

qui a dit : "Je lui ai demandé de me conseiller. Il a dit : Je te recommande la crainte d'Allah, la véracité dans les paroles, la fidélité dans les dépôts, le bon comportement envers ceux qui t'entourent. Avant le lever du soleil et avant le coucher, invoque abondamment, fais des efforts et ne te décourage pas de demander à ton Seigneur quoi que ce soit, et ne dis pas : 'Ceci ne me sera pas donné.' Prie, car Allah fait ce qu'Il veut."

20.Faḍālah narrated from Qays al-Hilālī, from ʿAjlān Abū Ṣāliḥ who said, “Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) said, ‘Treat people with fairness, assist them with your wealth, and wish for them what you wish for yourself. Remember Allah often and beware of laziness and ennui, for that's what my father used to advise me, and that is what his father would advise him, and it pertains [even more so] to the nightly prayer. Indeed if you are lazy, you will not fulfill the right of Allah and if you are lethargic, you will not fulfill anyone else’s right.’”

"Sois juste envers les gens envers toi-même, distribue de tes biens par charité et sois satisfait pour eux de ce que tu aimerais pour toi-même. Mentionne Allah abondamment et méfie-toi de la paresse et de la lassitude, car si tu succombes à cela, tu ne rempliras pas ton devoir envers Allah, et si tu te lasses, tu ne rempliras pas ton devoir envers autrui."

22.Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Kalbī narrated from ʿAmr ibn Khālid, from Zayd ibn ʿAlī, from his fathers, from ʿAlī (a) who said, “A man sought permission from the family of the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) to enter [his house], then he said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, advise me.’ He (ṣ) said to him, ‘I advise you not to ascribe any partners to Allah – even if you are cut into pieces and burnt with fire, and not to disobey your parents – if they wish you to leave your [position in this] world then leave it, and not to curse people, and when you meet your Muslim brother, meet him with a cheerful face, and pour for him the extra water you have in your bucket.[1] Convey to the Muslims you meet salutations from me, and invite people to Islam – be sure that [in doing so,] for each person who responds [positively] to you, you will gain the reward of freeing a slave from the descendants of [Prophet] Yaʿqūb, and teach them that alṣughrāb [or al-ṣughayrāʾ] is forbidden upon them, meaning nabīdh, which is a [kind of] wine, and every intoxicant is forbidden.’”

Un homme parmi les compagnons du Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) demanda : "Ô Messager d'Allah, donne-moi un conseil." Il lui dit : "Je te conseille de ne rien associer à Allah, même si on te coupe en morceaux et qu'on te brûle au feu, de ne pas désobéir à tes parents, et s'ils veulent te faire quitter ce monde, alors quitte-le. Ne maudis pas les gens, et quand tu rencontres ton frère musulman, accueille-le avec un visage souriant et offre-lui de tes biens. Transmets le salut à tout musulman que tu rencontres, invite les gens à l'islam, sois convaincu que pour chaque personne qui répond à ton appel, un esclave de la descendance de Jacob sera affranchi. Et informe-les que le vin et tout ce qui enivre sont interdits."

22.Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Bilād narrated from his father, from one of our companions who attributed it to the Prophet (ṣ), saying, “A bedouin came to the Prophet (ṣ) and took hold of the bridle of his mount as he was proceeding to one of his battles. Then he said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, teach me an action by which I may enter Paradise!’ He (ṣ) replied, ‘Whatever you like people to give to you, give to them, and whatever you dislike them to give to you, do not give to them. Now let go of the mount.’”

Un bédouin est venu voir le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sa famille) en tenant les rênes de sa monture, désirant participer à certaines expéditions. Il lui a demandé : "Ô Messager de Dieu, enseigne-moi une action par laquelle j'entrerai au Paradis." Le Prophète lui a répondu : "Si tu réponds à l'appel des gens lorsqu'ils viennent à toi, alors va vers eux. Et si tu n'aimes pas que les gens viennent à toi, alors ne va pas vers eux. Laisse le chemin de la monture libre."

23.Ibn al-Nuʿmān narrated from Dāwūd ibn Farqad who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) saying, ‘Verily the righteous deed goes to Paradise and paves the way for its doer just as a man sends his servant boy to prepare a place for him.’ Then he recited: ‘As for those who believe and do good deeds, they prepare for themselves [their eternal abode] (Q30:44).’”

Certes, les bonnes actions mènent au Paradis et le chemin y est facilité pour son propriétaire, tout comme un homme envoie un serviteur pour préparer son lit, puis il récita : "Ceux qui croient et accomplissent de bonnes actions, c'est pour eux-mêmes qu'ils préparent le chemin."

24.Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿUlwān narrated from ʿUthmān ibn Thābit, from Jaʿfar, from Abū Jaʿfar (a) who said, “The Messenger of Allah (ṣ) said to ʿAlī (a), ‘O ʿAlī, I advise you to espouse certain qualities, so learn them from me. O Allah, help him [to do so]! As for the first one, it is truthfulness – never let any lie be spoken from your mouth. The second is piety – never act treacherously. The third is fearing Allah as though you see Him. The fourth is crying out of fear [and awe] of Allah – for each tear a mansion will be built for you in Paradise. The fifth is spending your wealth and blood for your religion. The sixth is adhering to my sunnah in my prayers, my fasting and my giving charity. As for my prayer, it is fifty-one [rakʿahs]; as for my fasting, it is three days in every month, in its beginning, middle, and end; as for my charity, it is to spare no effort [in assisting the needy] until it is said that you have been extravagant, while you have not been extravagant. I bid you to maintain the nightly prayer, maintain the nightly prayer, maintain the nightly prayer! And I bid you to maintain the midday prayer, maintain the midday prayer, maintain the midday prayer! I bid you to recite the Qurʾān in every condition. And I bid you to raise your hands in supplication and then turn them back [towards yourself]. I bid you to brush your teeth during every ablution and prayer. And I bid you to [espouse] beautiful moral traits so inculcate them [in yourself], and I warn you against evil traits so eschew them. Then if you do not act upon what I advise you [herewith], then do not blame anyone but yourself [for the consequences].’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) a dit à Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Ô Ali, je te recommande pour toi-même cinq qualités : la vérité, de sorte qu'aucun mensonge ne sorte de toi à jamais ; la piété, de sorte que tu ne trahisses jamais ; la crainte d'Allah comme si tu Le voyais ; pleurer par crainte d'Allah, car chaque larme construit pour toi une maison au Paradis ; dépenser ton argent et verser tes larmes sans négliger ton devoir religieux ; suivre mes pratiques dans ta prière, ton jeûne et ta charité. Quant à ta prière, elle doit être de cinquante-et-une unités ; quant à ton jeûne, trois jours de chaque mois au début, au milieu et à la fin ; quant à ta charité, fais de ton mieux jusqu'à ce qu'on dise que tu as dépensé sans excès. Prie la nuit, prie la nuit, prie la nuit, prie à midi, prie à midi, prie à midi, récite le Coran à tout moment, lève tes mains dans la prière, utilise le siwak à chaque ablution et prière, adopte de bonnes manières et évite les mauvaises. Si tu ne suis pas ces recommandations, ne blâme que toi-même."

25.Muḥammad ibn Sinān narrated from Kulayb al-Asadī who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) say, ‘Maintain ties with each other, be kind to each other, have compassion for one another, and be righteous brothers as Allah has commanded you.’”

"Maintenez des liens, rivalisez dans les bonnes actions, soyez compatissants les uns envers les autres, et soyez des frères pieux, comme Allah vous l'a ordonné."

26.Muḥammad ibn Sinān narrated from Kulayb al-Asadī, from Ḥasan ibn Muṣʿab, from Saʿd ibn Ṭarīf, from Abū Jaʿfar (a) who said, “Be polite with the hypocrite in your speech, but reserve your love for the believer. And if a Jew sits in your company, then be a good sitting companion to him.”[1]

"Protège-toi de l'hypocrite par ta langue, sois sincère dans ton amitié envers le croyant, et si un juif te tient compagnie, comporte-toi de la meilleure manière."

27.Muḥammad ibn Sinān narrated from Yūsuf ibn ʿImrān, from Yaʿqūb ibn Shuʿayb who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) say, ‘Verily Allah revealed to Ādam (a), “I have gathered for you all ordinances in four statements.” He asked, “What are they, O Lord?” He said, “One is for Me, one is for you, one is between Me and you, and one is between you and the people.” He (Ādam) said, “Explain them to me, O Lord, so that I may act upon them.” He said, “As for that which is for Me, it is that you worship Me and do not ascribe anything as a partner to Me. As for that which is for you, it is that I will recompense you for your actions when you are most in need of it. As for that which is between Me and you, it is upon you to supplicate to Me and it is upon Me to answer you. As for that which is between you and the people, it is that you should like for the people what you like for yourself.”’”

28.Muḥammad ibn Sinān narrated from Ḥusayn ibn Usāmah who said, “I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) say, ‘You will not be a [true] believer until you have fear and hope, and until you act upon what you fear and hope for.’”

"On ne peut être croyant que si l'on est craintif et plein d'espoir, et que si l'on agit en fonction de ce que l'on craint et espère."

29.Muḥammad ibn Sinān narrated from Abū Muʿādh, from Abū Arākah who said, “I prayed the fajr prayer behind ʿAlī (a) in this mosque of yours, then [after completing the prayer,] he turned towards his right side and had a sorrowful disposition. [He remained there] until the sun rose over the wall of this mosque of yours to the extent of a spear – and it (the same wall) is not there today – then he came to the people and said, ‘Indeed, by Allah, the companions of the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) would spend this night alternating between [worshipping on] their foreheads and their knees [through prostration and bowing] and when morning came, they rose up, dusty and pale, with a mark between their eyes like the knee of a goat. Whenever Allah was mentioned, they would bend the way a tree bends on the windy day, and tears would flow from their eyes until their clothes became wet.’ Then he got up and departed saying, ‘By Allah, it is as though the people are asleep in their negligence.’ Then he was not seen laughing until the wicked one (Ibn Muljam) did what he did.”

J'ai prié derrière Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) le Fajr dans cette mosquée comme la vôtre, puis il s'est écarté vers sa droite, avec une tristesse sur son visage, jusqu'à ce que le soleil se lève sur le mur de votre mosquée, d'une longueur d'une lance, mais il n'est plus là aujourd'hui. Ensuite, il s'est tourné vers les gens et a dit : "Par Allah, les compagnons du Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) passaient cette nuit-là en se tournant de côté et d'autre, et quand ils se levaient le matin, ils avaient de la poussière blanche entre leurs yeux, semblable aux traces de la pluie, et quand ils mentionnaient Allah, ils se penchaient comme les arbres le jour de la tempête, et leurs yeux étaient négligés jusqu'à ce que leurs vêtements soient mouillés." Puis il se leva en disant : "Par Allah, il semblait que les gens passaient la nuit dans l'insouciance, puis il ne vit pas de menteur sans qu'il soit parmi les pervers."

30.Al-Qāsim narrated from ʿAlī (a), from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) whom he asked about the verse wherein Allah, to Whom belong might and majesty, says: And those who give whatever they give with their hearts fearful… (Q23:60) so he said, “[They are fearful] out of their concern and their hope; they fear that their deeds will be rejected if they do not obey Allah – and He has power over all things – and they hope that He accepts [their deeds] from them.”

J'ai demandé à propos de la parole d'Allah, le Très Haut : "Ceux qui donnent ce qu'ils donnent, tout en ressentant dans leurs cœurs une appréhension, car ils retourneront vers leur Seigneur." Il a dit : "Ils ont peur que leurs actions ne leur soient pas acceptées s'ils n'obéissent pas à Allah, alors qu'Il est Omnipotent sur toute chose, et ils espèrent qu'Il les acceptera."

31.Faḍālah narrated from Abū al-Maghrāʾ, from Abū Baṣīr, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) who said regarding the verse: …who give whatever they give with their hearts fearful… (Q23:60), “He gives what he does [as the people do] [1] while he is full of awe and hope.”

dans le verset d'Allāh, le Très Haut : "Ils apportent ce qu'ils ont apporté, et leurs cœurs sont humbles." Il dit : "Il apporte ce que les gens apportent, tout en étant craintif et espérant."

32.ʿUthmān ibn ʿĪsā narrated from Samāʿah, from Abū Baṣīr, from alNaḍr ibn ʿĀṣim, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) who said regarding the verse: …who give whatever they give with their hearts fearful… (Q23:60), “They perform [good] deeds and know that they will be rewarded for it.”

dans le verset d'Allah Tout-Puissant : "Ils donnent ce qu'ils donnent, tandis que leurs cœurs sont tremblants, car ils savent qu'ils seront récompensés pour cela."

33.Al-Naḍr narrated from Ibn Sinān, from al-Yamānī, from Abū Jaʿfar (a) who said, “Allah, to Whom belong might and majesty, said, ‘By My might and My majesty, by My greatness and My power, by My grandeur and exaltedness, [I swear that] My servant does not prefer My desire over his own desire but that I place needlessness [and contentment] in his soul, make his [primary] concern for his Hereafter, prevent him from suffering loss, guarantee his sustenance from the skies and the earth, and stand behind him [to ensure his benefit] in the transaction of every trader.”

Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, a dit: "Par Ma grandeur, Ma majesté, Mon immense puissance, Mon éclat et Mon élévation : aucun de Mes serviteurs ne préfère ses désirs à Mes ordres sans que Je ne lui assure la richesse dans son cœur, son souci pour l'au-delà, que Je le protège de la perte de ses biens, que J'assure sa subsistance des cieux et de la terre, et que Je sois derrière lui dans tout commerce."