Le doute concernant l'un des douze imams

(3) Ibn Mahboob narrated from Abu Ayyoob al-Khazzaz that Muhammad bin Muslim had said: I asked Abu Ja’far as-Sadiq (as): What about one, who denies an imam of you? He said: “He, who denies an imam appointed by Allah and exempt himself from him and his faith, is apostate and unbeliever because the imam is appointed by Allah and his religion is the religion of Allah; therefore whoever denies the religion of Allah, is to be killed except if he turns to Allah in repentance of what he has said or done.”

Celui qui nie un imam d'Allah et se désavoue de lui et de sa religion est un mécréant apostat de l'Islam, car l'imam vient d'Allah et sa religion est la religion d'Allah. Celui qui se désavoue de la religion d'Allah, son sang est licite dans ce cas, sauf s'il se repent et revient vers Allah Tout-Puissant de ce qu'il a dit.

(4) Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Sa’eed narrated from Yahya bin Zakariyya bin Shayban from Ali bin Sayf bin Omayra from Abban bin Uthman that Hamran bin A’yun had said: I asked Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) about the imams and he said: “He, who denies one of the alive imams, has denied the dead (imams).”

Celui qui nie un vivant a nié les morts.

(5) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from al-Husayn bin Muhammad from al-Mu’alla from ibn Jumhoor from Safwan that ibn Miskan had said: I asked Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) about the imams and he said: “Whoever denies one of the alive imams, has denied the dead ones.”

J'ai interrogé Abu 'Abdullah sur les Imams, et il a dit : "Celui qui renie un des vivants a renié les morts."

(6) Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Sa’eed narrated from Ali bin al-Hasan from al-Abbas bin Aamir from Abdul Melik bin Otba that Mo’awiya bin Wahab had said: I have heard Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) saying: “The Prophet (S) has said: “Whoever dies without knowing his imam, dies as an unbeliever.”

Celui qui meurt sans connaître son imam meurt la mort de l'ignorance.

(7) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from some of his companions from Ahmad bin Muhammad from ibn Abu Nasr that Imam Abul Hasan (ar-Redha) had said when talking about the Qur’anic verse, “…And who is more erring than he who follows his low desires without any guidance from Allah?” “It means one, who depends upon his own opinion in the affairs of religion without following an imam of the imams of guidance.”

Il signifie celui qui prend sa religion basée sur son propre avis sans un guide parmi les guides de la guidance.

(8) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from Muhammad bin Yahya from Muhammad bin al-Husayn from Muhammad bin Sinan from some of his companions that Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) had said: “He, who joins to an imam, whose imamate is from Allah, another imam, whose imamate is not from Allah, is a polytheist.”

Celui qui associe un autre à son imam, alors que son imamat ne vient pas d'Allah, est un associateur.

(9) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad from Muhammad bin Issma’eel from Mansoor bin Younus that Muhammad bin Muslim had said: I said to Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) that someone had said to me: “Know the last one of the imams and it does not harm you if you have not known the first one of them.” Imam as-Sadiq (as) said: “May Allah damn him! I hate him although I do not know him. Has the last one of them been known except by knowing the first one?”

J'ai dit à Abu 'Abdillah: Un homme m'a dit: Connais les derniers des imams et il ne te nuira pas de ne pas connaître les premiers. Il a répondu: Que Dieu maudisse cet homme, car je le déteste et ne le connais pas. Comment les derniers pourraient-ils être connus sans les premiers?

(10) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from some of his companions from Ahmad bin Muhammad from al-Husayn bin Sa’eed from Abu Wahab that Muhammad bin Mansoor had said: I asked Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) about the saying of Allah, “And when they commit an indecency they say: We found our fathers doing this, and Allah has enjoined it on us. Say: Surely Allah does not enjoin indecency; do you say against Allah what you do not know?” and he said: “Have you seen anyone claiming that Allah has ordered him to commit adultery, to drink wine or to do any other sin?” I said: “No, I have not.” He said: “Then what is this indecency that they claim that Allah has ordered them to do?” I said: “Allah and His guardian are more aware!” He said: “This is among the followers of the imams of injustice and oppression. They claim that Allah has ordered them to follow some people, whom Allah has never ordered them to follow. So Allah has denied their saying and has informed them that they have fabricated lies; therefore He has called that as indecency.”

Il a répondu: "As-tu jamais vu quelqu'un prétendre qu'Allah lui a ordonné la fornication, la consommation de vin ou quelque chose parmi ces interdictions ?" J'ai répondu: "Non." Il a dit: "Alors quelle est cette turpitude qu'ils prétendent qu'Allah leur a ordonnée ?" J'ai dit: "Allah est plus savant et plus proche." Il a dit: "Cela concerne les alliés des tyrans qui prétendent qu'Allah leur a ordonné de se soumettre à un peuple qu'Allah ne leur a pas ordonné de se soumettre. Allah a rejeté cela sur eux et a déclaré qu'ils ont menti et a qualifié cela de turpitude de leur part."

(11) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from some of his companions from Ahmad bin Muhammad from al-Husayn bin Sa’eed from Abu Wahab that Muhammad bin Mansoor had said: “I have asked a virtuous slave (of Allah), peace be upon him, about the saying of Allah, “My Lord has only prohibited indecencies, those of them that are apparent as well as those that are concealed,” and he said: “The Qur’an has apparent meanings and hidden meanings. All of those that Allah has prohibited in the Qur’an are impermissible as they have been mentioned apparently whereas the hidden thing in that is the imams of injustice and all of those that Allah has permitted are permissible as they are apparent whereas the hidden thing among them is the imams of guidance.”

Le Coran a un aspect apparent et un aspect caché. Tout ce qu'Allah a interdit dans le Coran est interdit dans son aspect apparent comme il l'est dans l'apparence, et l'aspect caché de cela concerne les dirigeants injustes. Et tout ce qu'Allah a permis dans le Livre est licite et c'est l'aspect apparent, et l'aspect caché de cela concerne les dirigeants justes.

(12) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Eessa from ibn Mahboob from Amr bin Thabit that Jabir had said: I asked Abu Ja’far as-Sadiq (as) about (the meaning of) the Qur’anic verse, “And there are some among men who take for themselves objects of worship besides Allah, whom they love as they love Allah.” He said: By Allah they are the followers of so and so. They have taken them as their imams instead of the imam, whom Allah has determined for people. Therefore Allah has said, “…that those who are unjust had seen, when they see the chastisement, that the power is wholly Allah’s and that Allah is severe in requiting (evil). When those who were followed shall renounce those who followed (them), and they see the chastisement and their ties are cut asunder. And those who followed shall say: Had there been for us a return, then we would renounce them as they have renounced us. Thus will Allah show them their deeds to be intense regret to them, and they shall not come forth from the fire.” O Jabir, by Allah it is the imams of injustice and their followers.

J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far au sujet de la parole d'Allah : "Parmi les gens, il en est qui prennent en dehors d'Allah des égaux à Lui, en les aimant comme on aime Allah. Or ceux qui croient sont plus ardents en amour pour Allah. Si les injustes savaient, lorsqu'ils verront le châtiment, que la force tout entière est à Allah et que Allah est dur en châtiment, ils verront que les soutiens seront alors les proches de tel et tel, qu'ils les auront pris pour imams en dehors de l'imam qu'Allah a établi comme imam pour les gens. C'est pourquoi Il a dit : "Parmi les gens, il en est qui prennent en dehors d'Allah des égaux à Lui, en les aimant comme on aime Allah. Or ceux qui croient sont plus ardents en amour pour Allah. Si les injustes savaient, lorsqu'ils verront le châtiment, que la force tout entière est à Allah et que Allah est dur en châtiment, les soutiens se désolidariseront de ceux qui les suivaient, lorsqu'ils verront le châtiment, et que les liens seront rompus entre eux. Ceux qui étaient suivis diront : "Si nous avions une autre chance, nous nous désolidariserions d'eux comme ils se désolidarisent de nous." Ainsi Allah leur montrera leurs actions sous forme de regrets pour eux, et ils ne pourront sortir du Feu." Puis Abu Ja'far a dit : "Par Allah, ô Jabir, ce sont les imams de l'injustice et leurs partisans."

(13) Ibn Mahboob narrated from Hisham bin Salim from Habeeb as-Sajistani that Imam Abu Ja’far as-Sadiq (as) had said: Allah the Almighty has said: I will torture every group of Muslims that has believed in the guardianship of every imam of injustice even those Muslims are pious and God-fearing and I will forgive every group of Muslims that has believed in the guardianship of every just imam, whose imamate has been determined by Allah, even if these Muslims are guilty and sinful.”

Allah a dit : "Je vais châtier chaque groupe de suiveurs de l'Islam qui suit un imam injuste qui n'est pas de Ma part, même si ce groupe est apparemment pieux dans ses actions par précaution. Et Je vais pardonner chaque groupe de suiveurs de l'Islam qui suit un imam juste de Ma part, même si ce groupe est injuste et mauvais dans ses actions."

(14) Ibn Mahboob narrated from Abdul Aziz al-Abdi that Abdullah bin Abu Ya’foor had said: I said to Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as): “I mix with people so much. I wonder at some people, who are truthful, trusted and faithful but they do not believe in your guardianship and I wonder at others, who believe in your guardianship but they are neither truthful nor trusted.” He straightened his sitting, looked at me angrily and said: “There is no faith for whoever believes in the guardianship of an unjust imam, who has not been appointed by Allah, and no blame on whoever believes in the guardianship of a just imam, whose imamate has been determined by Allah.” I said: “No faith for those and no blame on these?!” He said: “Yes, no faith for those and no blame on these. Have you not heard the saying of Allah (Allah is the guardian of those who believe. He brings them out of the darkness into the light)? It means that Allah will bring them out of the darkness of sins into the light of repentance and forgiveness because of their submitting to the just imams appointed by Allah. Then Allah has said, “…And (as to) those who disbelieve, their guardians are Shaitans who take them out of the light into the darkness.” So which light that the unbeliever will be out of? Certainly it is the light of Islam. When those people follow the unjust imams, they come out of the light of Islam into the darkness of disbelief; therefore Allah has rewarded them with being in Fire with the unbelievers. He said, “They are the inmates of the fire, in it they shall abide”

Quelle lumière reste-t-il pour le mécréant pour en sortir ? Cela signifie qu'ils étaient dans la lumière de l'Islam, mais lorsqu'ils ont préféré tout dirigeant injuste qui n'est pas de la part d'Allah, ils sont sortis de la lumière de l'Islam vers les ténèbres de la mécréance, et Allah leur a réservé le Feu avec les mécréants.

(15) Muhammad bin Ya’qoob narrated from Ali bin Muhammad from ibn Jumhoor from his father from Safwan from ibn Miskan from Abdullah bin Sinan that Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) had said: “Allah is not ashamed to torture a nation believing in an imam, who is not from Allah, even if it is pious and God-fearing and He is ashamed to torture a nation believing in an imam, who is from Allah, even if it is guilty and sinful.”

Certes, Allah n'hésite pas à punir une communauté qui suit un imam qui n'est pas de Dieu, même si ses actions semblent bonnes en apparence. Et certes, Allah hésite à punir une communauté qui suit un imam de Dieu, même si ses actions sont injustes et mauvaises.

(16) Abdul Wahid bin Abdullah narrated from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Rabah from Ahmad bin Ali al-Himyari from al-Hasan bin Ayyoob from Abdul Kareem bin Amr al-Khath’ami that Abdullah bin Abu Ya’foor had said: I said to Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as): “Someone believes in your guardianship, exempts himself from your enemy, permits what you have permitted, refrains from what you have prohibited and thinks that the imamate is still among you and will never go to other than you but he says: They (the infallible imams) have disagreed among themselves while they are the leading imams. If they agree upon a man and say that it is he (the imam), we will say that it is he.” Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) said: If this someone remains with this opinion, he will die as an unbeliever.

Contenu principal du hadith à traduire.

(17) Abdul Wahid bin Abdullah narrated from Muhammad bin Ja’far al-Qarashi from Abu Ja’far al-Hamadani from Musa bin Sa’dan from Muhammad bin Sinan from Ammar bin Marwan that Suma’a bin Mihran had said: I said to Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as): Someone believes in the guardianship of Ali (as) and exempts himself from Ali’s enemy. He believes in everything that Ali (as) has said but he says: They have disagreed among themselves whereas they are the leading imams. I do not know which of them is the imam. If they agree upon a certain one, I will submit to him. I have believed that the imamate is among them. Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) said: “If this someone still thinks so, he will die as an unbeliever. The Qur’an has interpretations that occur as the day and the night and they run as the sun and the moon. If an interpretation of something comes, it will occur. Some interpretations have come and some have not come yet.”

Le Coran a une interprétation qui se produit comme la nuit et le jour, comme le soleil et la lune. Quand une interprétation de lui vient, elle se réalise, il y en a qui sont déjà venus, et il y en a qui ne sont pas encore venus.

(18) Salama bin Muhammad narrated from Ahmad bin Dawood from Ali bin al-Husayn bin Babawayh from Sa’d bin Abdullah from Muhammad bin al-Husayn bin Abul Khattab from al-Mufadhdhal bin Za’ida from al-Mufadhdhal bin Umar that Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) had said: “Whoever worships Allah without learning (the principles of worship) from a truthful jurisprudent, Allah will let him be confused and astray and whoever claims that he has heard from other than the gate (source) that Allah has opened to His people, is considered as a polytheist. That gate is the trusted one, who has been entrusted (by Allah) with the hidden secret of Allah.” The same thing was narrated by Muhammad bin Ya’qoob al-Kulayni from some of his companions from Abdul Adheem bin Abdullah al-Hasani from Malik bin Aamir from al-Mufadhdhal bin Za’ida from al-Mufadhdhal bin Umar from Imam as-Sadiq (as).

Celui qui juge Allah sans avoir entendu d'un savant véridique, Allah le condamnera à l'égarement et à la peine, et celui qui prétend avoir entendu sans passer par la porte que Dieu a ouverte à Ses créatures, il associe un autre à Lui, et cette porte est le Gardien sûr, le Dépositaire des secrets cachés de Dieu.

(19) Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Sa’eed narrated from Yahya bin Zakariyya bin Shayban from Ali bin Sayf bin Omayra from his father that Hamran bin A’yun had said: I have told Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) about a man, who believes in Amirul Mo’mineen (as) as the guardian, exempts himself from his (Ali’s) opponents and believes in all that Amirul Mo’mineen (as) has said but he says: They have disagreed among themselves whereas they are the leading imams and I do not know which of them is the imam. If they have agreed upon one man, we will submit to his orders. I have believed that the imamate is among them. May Allah have mercy upon them all. Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) said: “He will die as an unbeliever.” The same was narrated by Ali bin Sayf from his brother al-Husayn from Mu’ath bin Muslim from Imam as-Sadiq (as). Let those of understanding, who believe in the guardianship of the infallible imams of Ahlul Bayt, ponder on the traditions narrated from the Prophet (S), Imam Abu Ja’far al-Baqir (as) and Imam Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (as) talking about those, who have doubted anyone of the twelve imams or have spent a night without knowing their imam. These traditions have considered such people as unbelievers, hypocrites and polytheists. Let them also ponder on the traditions that have said: “Whoever denies one of the alive imams is as if he has denied the dead ones.” Let men of understanding look well for the one, whom they will follow, without being deceived by fancies and falsehood in order no to deviate from the path of the truth. Let them know well who will be the means between them and their Creator, Who is One and Only, whereas the devils are so many. Allah has said: “…The Shaitans from among men and jinn, some of them suggesting to others varnished falsehood to deceive (them).” We pray Allah to save us and our brothers in faith from deviating from the truth and guidance and not to let us welter in the abysses of confusion and perishment. We look forward to His mercy; He is merciful to the believers.