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2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Muhammad af-Fudayi from abu af-Sabbah ai-Kinaniy who has narrated the foffowing: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that there is a vow, a commitment on him (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until one specifies it, like fasting, charity, a gift or al-Hajj.’”

Le vœu n'est rien tant qu'il n'a pas nommé quelque chose pour Allah, que ce soit un jeûne, une aumône, un sacrifice ou un pèlerinage.

3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Afi ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that there is a vow, a commitment on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until he says, “There is fasting, or paying charity, or freeing a slave, or offering an animal offering.” If a man says, “I give this food as an offering,” it is not valid, because only a camel or so can become an animal offering.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet d'un homme disant : "J'ai fait un vœu concernant Ali". Il a répondu : "Ce n'est rien tant qu'il n'a pas nommé le vœu et dit : 'Je jeûne pour Allah', ou 'Je fais une aumône', ou 'Je libère un esclave', ou 'Je fais un don en sacrifice'. Et si l'homme dit : 'Je fais don de cette nourriture', cela ne compte pas. Seuls les corps sont donnés en sacrifice."

4. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Jamil ibn Salih who has narrated the following: “I had a girl in al-Madinah whose Hayd (menses) stopped. I then made a vow, a commitment before Allah for His sake if her Hayd (menses) becomes normal, I then fulfill the vow and commitment. I then learned that she experiences Hayd (menses) before my fulfilling the vow and commitment. I wrote to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was in al-Madinah and he (the Imam) replied, ‘If she experienced Hayd (menses) before your vow and commitment then you do not owe anything, but if she experienced Hayd (menses) after your vow and commitment then you must fulfill the vow and commitment.’”

J'avais une servante à Médine dont les menstrues sont arrivées. J'ai fait un vœu à Allah que si elle avait ses règles, j'observerais un jeûne. Plus tard, j'ai su qu'elle avait eu ses règles avant que je fasse le vœu. J'ai alors écrit à Abi 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) alors que j'étais à Médine. Il m'a répondu : "Si elle a eu ses règles avant le vœu, tu n'as pas de péché. Mais si elle a eu ses règles après le vœu, alors tu dois l'accomplir."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I have made it upon myself to perform two Rak‘at Salat (prayer) as thanksgiving to Allah at home or on a journey’ if on a journey I can perform them during the day. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘I dislike a man’s making it obligatory upon himself.’ I then said, ‘I have not made them for Allah but I have made it upon myself to perform the two Rak‘at to thank Allah and I have not made it obligatory on myself if I can stop performing them when I wanted. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’”

J'ai dit à Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) : J'ai pris sur moi de remercier Dieu en priant deux rak'ahs que je prie en voyage et en résidence. Dois-je les prier en voyage pendant la journée ? Il dit : Oui. Puis il dit : Je n'aime pas que l'obligation soit imposée à l'homme sur lui-même. J'ai dit : Je ne les ai pas instituées pour Dieu sur moi, je les ai seulement instituées pour moi-même pour remercier Dieu, et je ne les ai pas imposées sur moi-même. Dois-je les abandonner si je veux ? Il dit : Oui.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about a man who made a vow and commitment to walk to the house and he arrived on a crossing. He (the Imam) said, ’He must remain standing until there is room to cross the crossing.’”

...que l'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) fut interrogé au sujet d'un homme ayant fait un vœu de se rendre à la Maison Sacrée, et qui passa par un lieu de passage. Il dit : "Qu'il se tienne debout dans le passage jusqu'à ce qu'il ait traversé."

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who owed al-Hajjah al-Islam and wanted to perform al-Hajj. He was told to become married first, then perform al-Hajj. He said, ‘If I become married before al-Hajj my slave is free.’ He married before performing al-Hajj. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must free his slave.’ I then said, ‘He did not free his slave for the sake of Allah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a vow and commitment in the way of Allah and al-Hajj is of a greater priority than marriage and an obligation of a greater degree than marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if al- Hajj is optional?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Even if it is optional it is an act of obedience that has made his slave free.’”

J'ai dit à un homme qui avait une dette envers l'Islam et voulait faire le pèlerinage: "Mariez-vous, puis faites le pèlerinage." Il répondit: "Si je me marie avant de faire le pèlerinage, mon esclave sera libre." Il se maria avant de faire le pèlerinage, et il dit: "Libérez son esclave." Je lui dis: "Il n'a pas l'intention de libérer son esclave pour l'amour de Dieu." Il répondit: "C'est un vœu fait dans l'obéissance à Dieu, et le pèlerinage est plus prioritaire que le mariage, et il est plus obligatoire pour lui que le mariage." Je dis: "Mais le pèlerinage est une action surérogatoire." Il dit: "Même si c'est surérogatoire, c'est une obéissance à Dieu." Il a ensuite libéré son esclave.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Hariz from abu al-Rabi’ who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who buys something and says, ‘I gift it to the Sacred House of Allah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect. It is a lie that he has spoken.’”

Abu 'Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) a été interrogé au sujet d'un homme qui dit à une chose qu'il vend : "Je la destine au Haram de Dieu". Il a répondu : "Ce n'est pas un mensonge, il a dit la vérité".

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If you say, ‘It is from Allah upon me’ then its expiation is like that for an oath.’”

Si tu dis "sur moi est la responsabilité envers Dieu", alors l'expiation est un serment.

10. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has narrated the following: “Bundar, maxvla of Idris, once wrote, ‘My master, I made a vow and commitment to fast every Saturday; and if I did not fast what is the expiation?’ He (the Imam) wrote and I read it, ‘Do not stop fasting except because of illness, and you do not have to fast when on a journey or during your illness unless you had the intention to do so. If you stop fasting without illness and good reason, then pay charity for every day missed to seven destitute people, we ask Allah to grant good opportunity for doing what He loves and pleases.’”

Bundar, le serviteur d'Idris, a écrit : "Ô mon seigneur, j'ai fait vœu de jeûner chaque samedi. Si je ne jeûne pas, je dois expier. Il a écrit et j'ai lu : Ne le laisse pas sauf pour une excuse. Tu n'es pas tenu de jeûner en voyage ou en cas de maladie, sauf si tu as l'intention de le faire. Si tu romps le jeûne sans excuse, donne en charité pour chaque jour à sept pauvres. Nous demandons à Allah la réussite dans ce qu'Il aime et agrée."

11. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has made a vow and commitment that if Allah makes his wish to come true, he will pay a certain amount of dirham as charity. Allah then made his wish come true. He then made the dirham into gold and has sent to you; if that is sufficient or he has to do it again. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must do it again.’”

"Un homme a fait un vœu pour lui-même, s'il obtenait de Dieu ce qu'il demandait, de donner des pièces d'argent en charité. Dieu a exaucé sa demande, transformant les pièces en or et les dirigeant vers toi. Est-il permis de garder cela ou doit-il les restituer ?" L'Imam répondit : "Il doit les restituer."

12. Muhammad ibn Ja‘far al-Razzaz has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn Mahziyar from has said narrated a similar Hadith and he wrote to him (the Imam) the following: “My master, a man has made a vow and commitment to fast on Fridays all the time. What happens if such days coincide with the day of ‘Id of Fitr, or Adha’, or days of al-Tashriq or a journey or illness; if he owes to fast on such days or its Qada’ (compensatory fasting) and what must he do, O my master?’ He (the Imam) wrote, ‘Allah has exempted him from fasting on all of these days and he can fast one day for (an alternate) one day, if Allah so wills.’ He wrote to him (the Imam) asking, ‘O my master, there is a man who had made a vow and commitment to fast a certain day and on that day he fell on his wife. What is the expiation for it?’ He (the Imam) wrote, ‘He must fast one day for one day and set free a believing slave.’”

[Contenu principal du hadith]

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Sulayman ibn Dawud from Hafs ibn Ghiyath who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the expiation because of a vow and commitment. He (the Imam) said, ‘Kaffarah (expiation) for a vow and commitment is like the expiation because of an oath. If one makes a vow and commitment to offer an animal for sacrifice he must find a camel, he must mark and collar it and stay with it in ‘Arafah. If one makes a vow and commitment to offer a Jazur, (a certain kind of camel) then he can slaughter by manner of Nahr (slaughtering from the upper part of the chest) wherever he wants.’”

J'ai interrogé l'Imam sur l'expiation du vœu. Il a dit : "L'expiation du vœu est semblable à l'expiation du serment. Celui qui fait un vœu d'offrande doit sacrifier une chamelle, la guider et la marquer, puis s'arrêter avec elle à 'Arafat. Et celui qui fait un vœu de sacrifice peut l'abattre où il le souhaite."

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn al-Husayn al-Lu’lu’iy in a marfu‘ manner who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says, ‘There is a vow and commitment on me’, but does not specify. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one handful of wheat, regardless, he has taken it seriously or with great emphasis.’”

J'ai dit: "Un homme fait un vœu pour moi sans spécifier quoi que ce soit." Il a répondu: "C'est comme s'il avait pris un morceau de laine grossière ou avait été sévèrement traité."

15. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Yahya al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn al- Jabalah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to fast and is not able to do so, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must pay someone to fast for him and for every day it is two mud (a certain measurement) of food.’”

Concernant un homme qui fait un vœu de jeûner mais qui n'est pas capable de le faire, il doit donner à quelqu'un pour jeûner à sa place chaque jour qu'il doit rattraper.

16. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith, the following is narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jundab who has narrated the following: “’Abbad ibn Maymun asked (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.)) when I was present, about the case of a man who made a vow and commitment to fast and wanted to leave for Makkah. ‘Abd Allah ibn Jundab said, ‘I heard the one who narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who was asked about a man who made a vow and commitment to fast. He became aware of his intention during his visiting abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘He can leave without fasting on the way and on his return arrange for Qada’ (compensatory fasting).”’

Le contenu principal du hadith est l'enseignement selon lequel un homme qui s'engage à jeûner et prévoit un voyage peut partir sans jeûner, mais devra rattraper ce jeûne à son retour.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.), who has narrated the following: “Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘Whoever makes a vow and commitment to fast and then fails to do so, the expiation on him is like the Kaffarah (expiation) for an oath.’”

Quiconque est incapable d'accomplir un vœu, qu'il fasse une expiation en faisant un serment.

18. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Sindiy ibn Muhammad from Safwan al-Jammal who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I have made a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must pay expiation for your oath, because you have made it on yourself and you have not made for Allah; you must then fulfill.’”

J'ai dit à l'Imam : "Par mon père et ma mère, j'ai fait un vœu d'accomplir le pèlerinage à la Maison d'Allah." Il a répondu : "Expiation de ton serment, car tu as fait un serment sur toi-même et non sur Allah. Accomplis-le donc."

19. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Rif‘ah and Hafs who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah barefoot. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must walk and if he becomes tired, he can ride.’”

J'ai interrogé Abou Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet d'un homme qui a fait le vœu de se rendre à la Maison d'Allah à pied. Il a dit : "Qu'il marche, et lorsqu'il se fatiguera, qu'il monte à dos d'animal."

20. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who has made a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah but cannot do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can perform al-Hajj and ride.’”

J'ai demandé à propos d'un homme qui a fait le pèlerinage à pied et qui n'a pas pu le faire. Il a dit: Il doit faire le pèlerinage à dos d'animal.

21. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah but cannot do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must perform al-Hajj riding.’”

`J'ai interrogé Abū Ja'far (sur lui la paix) au sujet d'un homme qui a l'incapacité de marcher vers la Maison de Dieu, il a dit : Qu'il fasse le pèlerinage à dos de monture.`

22. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, when he (the Imam) was asked about the case of a man who took an oath to make a vow and commitment and his intention in his oath is about one dirham or less. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not made it for Allah, then it does not have any valid effect.’”

S'il ne l'a pas destiné à Allah, alors cela n'a aucune valeur.

23. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Khath‘amiy who has narrated the following: “Once we were with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in a group when a man came who was of the Mawali of abu Ja‘far (a.s.). He offered Salam (the phrase of offering greeting of peace), sat down, wept and said, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. I made a covenant with Allah that if He gives me recovery from my illness because of which I was afraid for my life, to give in charity all of my belongings and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, granted me recovery from the illness. I have moved my family from my house to a ruined dome of al-Ansar (people of al- Madinah). I have carried all of my belongings and I am selling my house and all that I own to give them in charity.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Go and appraise your house, all of your assets and belongings for a fair price and make it certain. Thereafter find a white sheet and write on it all that you have appraised, then find the most trustworthy person known to you among people arround you, then give the sheet to him and make a will. Instruct him that if something happened to you (death), to sell your house and all that belongs to you and give in charity on your behalf. Thereafter move back to your house to live as before with your family and maintain your family as before, but make a list of what you spend and pay as charity, or gifts to relatives or for good causes, write them down all and calculate them. At the end of the year go to the executor of the will you have made and instruct him to deduct from the total on the list what you have spent as such for charity as mentioned in that year. Thereafter, every year you must do the same things until you fulfill all of what you had committed to do for Allah in the form of vow and commitment. In this way your house will remain for you as well as your other assets, if Allah so wills.’ The man then said, ‘You have released me from my entanglement, O child of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause.’”

Nous étions en compagnie d'Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) quand un homme des partisans d'Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) entra, lui salua, s'assit et se mit à pleurer. Puis il lui dit : "Que je sois ton sacrifice, j'ai fait un pacte avec Allah que si Allah me guérissait d'une maladie que je redoutais pour moi-même, je donnerais en aumône tout ce que je possède. Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, m'a guéri de cette maladie et j'ai transféré ma famille de ma maison à une tente des Ansar, et j'ai vendu tout ce que je possède, ma maison et tout ce que j'ai, pour en faire l'aumône." Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) lui dit : "Va et établis le prix de ta maison et de tous tes biens de manière équitable, et fais-le savoir. Ensuite, rédige un document blanc et écris-y tout ce que tu as évalué. Regarde ensuite parmi les personnes les plus dignes de confiance envers toi et remets-lui le document, donne-lui des directives et ordonne-lui que si quelque chose t'arrive, il vende ta maison et tout ce que tu possèdes pour en faire l'aumône en ton nom. Puis retourne chez toi et vis de ce que tu avais l'habitude de vivre, toi et ta famille, avec ce que tu manges. Ensuite, note tout ce que tu donnes en aumône de ce que tu reçois en aumône, des liens de parenté, des actes de bienfaisance, et écris tout cela et compte-le. Quand l'année se termine, va vers l'homme à qui tu as donné des directives et ordonne-lui de te remettre le document. Ensuite, écris-y tout ce que tu as donné en aumône et en actes de bienfaisance cette année-là. Répète cela chaque année jusqu'à ce que tu aies accompli tout ce que tu as promis à Allah, et tu garderas ta maison et tes biens, si Allah le veut." L'homme dit : "Tu m'as soulagé, ô fils du Messager d'Allah, que Allah te sacrifie."

24. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “My mother had made a vow and commitment. She had made a commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, about one of her children because of fear of something for him. She said that from that day on, she will fast all the time as long as she lives. She came out with us to Makkah, her fasting on the journey made us face questions, and she did not know if she must fast or not. I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘She must not fast on a journey. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has exempted her from His right during a journey; but she must fast otherwise for what she has committed herself to.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if she ignores her commitment? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, I fear that she may experience in her child that which made her to form such commitment.’”

"Ma mère avait fait un vœu pour Allah, exalté soit-Il, concernant certains de ses enfants, dans une affaire qu'elle redoutait pour eux. Elle craignait de jeûner un jour qu'elle avait manqué de jeûner auparavant, alors elle est partie avec nous à La Mecque. Le jeûne pendant le voyage nous semblait difficile. Elle ne savait pas si elle devait jeûner ou rompre le jeûne. Je demandai à Aba Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) à ce sujet, et il dit : 'Ne jeûne pas en voyage, car Allah, exalté soit-Il, a levé sur elle l'obligation de jeûner en voyage. Elle jeûne par choix personnel.' Je lui demandai alors : 'Et si elle revient et ne rattrape pas ce jeûne manqué ?' Il répondit : 'Non, car je crains qu'elle voie dans son enfant sur lequel elle a fait le vœu quelque chose qu'elle n'aime pas.'"

25. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma‘ who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of my girl who was pregnant and I made a vow and commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, that if she gives birth to a boy, I will help him to perform al-Hajj or I will perform al-Hajj on his behalf. He (the Imam) said, ‘A man made a vow and commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, about his son that if he matures he will perform al-Hajj for him or help him to perform al-Hajj. The father died and the boy became mature thereafter and came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, who commanded him to perform al-Hajj by means of what his father has left behind.’”

[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]