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2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from certain persons of his people who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who made a contract with his slave and a condition that his legacy will be for him, which then was brought before ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), who annulled his condition saying that the condition of Allah is before your (the master’s) condition.’”

...concernant un homme qui écrivit à son esclave en stipulant que son héritage lui reviendrait. Cette affaire fut portée devant l'Imam des croyants (sur lui la paix) qui annula cette condition en disant : "La condition de Dieu passe avant la tienne."

1. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan and abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al- Jabbar all from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Ishaq al-Fazariy who has narrated the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, when I was with him, about the case of a newborn who is not a male or female but there is only the anus and how to deal with the inheritance of such person. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam and people come in a gathering, pray to Allah then arrange a raffle to see the name of which sex comes and deal with the case according to the result of the raffle. No other means is as fair as raffle; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘They cast raffle and he lost in the raffle.’” (37:141)

Il a été demandé à Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un enfant qui est né sans être ni mâle ni femelle, n'ayant que l'anus. Comment hériterait-il? Il a répondu: L'imam s'assoit avec des gens et implore Allah, puis des flèches sont tirées pour déterminer s'il héritera de la part d'un mâle ou d'une femelle. Celui des deux qui est désigné héritera de lui. Ensuite, il a dit: Quelle décision est plus juste que celle déterminée par des flèches? Certes, Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, dit: "Alors il tira les flèches et fut du nombre des réprouvés." (Sourate Al-Hajj, verset 52)

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, all from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Fudayl ibn Yasar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a newborn who does not have the male or female organ. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam or one who casts raffle settles it by means of casting a raffle. On one token, he writes ‘male servant of Allah’, on the other he writes ‘female servant of Allah’. Then the Imam or the one who is casting the raffle says, ‘O Lord, You are Allah, no one deserves worship except You. You have the knowledge of the apparent and the unseen. You decide among Your servants in matters where they have differences, so please guide us in the matter of this newborn about inheritance and about Your ordained shares for this newborn in the book.’ The two tokens then are mixed with other similar tokens, then one is picked up randomly until one of the two tokens comes out and accordingly the matter of inheritance is decided.’”

Il a dit : J'ai interrogé Abu Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) au sujet d'un enfant qui n'a pas ce que les hommes ont ni ce que les femmes ont. Il a dit : L'Imam ou le Muqri' (le récitant) doit inscrire sur une flèche "Abdullah" et sur une autre flèche "Ummat Allah", puis l'Imam ou le Muqri' doit dire : "Ô Allah, Tu es Allah, il n'y a de divinité que Toi, Connaisseur de l'Inconnaissable et du Témoignage, Tu juges entre Tes serviteurs sur ce en quoi ils divergent. Clarifie-nous l'affaire de cet enfant, comment héritera-t-il de ce que Tu lui as prescrit dans le Livre." Ensuite, les deux flèches sont jetées parmi des flèches indistinctes, puis les flèches sont tirées pour déterminer ce qui lui revient en héritage.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal and al-Hajjal from Thadabah ibn Maymun from certain persons of our people who has narrated the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a newborn who is not a male or female except that the child has an anus and about the inheritance of such child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam with Muslim people sits in a gathering and prays to Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, then mixes the arrows (tokens) to find out thereby if the child must receive from the legacy as a male or a female person. Whichever ’s token or arrow comes out it then is taken as means of settlement. He (the Imam) then said, ‘No other means is as fair as raffle; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘They cast raffle and he was of those who failed in the raffle.’ (37:141)” He (the Imam) said, ‘For every matter about which two people dispute, there is a principle for it in the book of Allah but the power of reason of people cannot reach it.’”

Il a été demandé au sujet d'un enfant qui n'est ni mâle ni femelle, n'ayant que l'anus, comment il hériterait. Il a répondu : "L'Imam s'assoit, des gens parmi les musulmans s'assoient avec lui, il implore Allah, et des flèches sont tirées pour déterminer s'il héritera de la part des mâles ou des femelles, et selon ce qui en ressort, il hérite. Puis il a dit : "Quelle est la décision plus juste que celle sur laquelle des flèches sont tirées ? Dieu le Très-Haut dit : 'Lancez les flèches'. Ainsi, il est parmi ceux qui sont justement traités." Il a ajouté : "Il n'y a pas de question sur laquelle deux personnes divergent sans qu'elle ait une base dans le Livre de Dieu, mais les esprits des hommes ne la comprennent pas."

1. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Sa‘id al-Azarbayijaniy and Muhammad ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Kaysan all from Musa ibn Muhammad son of brother of abu al-Hassan, al-Thalith (a.s.), who has narrated the following: “Yahya ibn Aktham asked him (the Imam) questions; among the questions that he asked one was about hermaphrodite and the words of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin that a hermaphrodite inherits according to the manner of urinating and that who must look at the child (the person) when urinating and that the testimony of one who is unfair to himself is not accepted. That perhaps such person is a female and a man looks at her or that the person is a female and a man has looked at her, which is not lawful. Abu al-Hassan, al-Thalith (a.s.), answered him saying, ‘The words of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin that a hermaphrodite inherits according to the manner of urinating, are as they are. People of justice must look at hermaphrodite, each one takes a mirror, and the hermaphrodite stands behind them. They see a form and judge accordingly.”’

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne les questions posées à l'Imam des croyants sur l'hermaphrodisme, où il est mentionné que l'hermaphrodite hérite de la mère et que les témoins doivent juger en fonction de ce qu'ils voient dans le miroir. Ce sujet est considéré comme étant de ce qui n'est pas permis selon l'enseignement transmis.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn ’Ashyam from al- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Jawhariy from Hariz ibn ‘Abd Allah who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the time of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin a child was bom with two heads and two chests on one groin. ’ Amir al-Mu’minin was asked about it; if the child receives inheritance for one or for two. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child must be allowed to sleep then called to wake up. If both wake up at the same time the share of inheritance is one share but if one wakes up and the other remains sleeping it then is two shares of inheritance.’” A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Jawhariy from Hariz ibn ‘Abd Allah a similar Hadith.

Il est rapporté que l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit: "Un enfant est né sous l'autorité de l'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) avec deux têtes et deux poitrines dans un seul corps. L'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) fut interrogé s'il devait hériter comme deux individus ou un seul. Il répondit: "Laissez-le dormir, puis appelez-le. S'il se réveille entièrement, il héritera comme un seul individu. Mais s'il se réveille et que l'un reste endormi, il héritera comme deux individus." Un groupe parmi nos compagnons, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, de son père, de Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad Al-Jawhari, de Hariz ibn Abdullah, a rapporté la même chose."

2. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from abu Jamilah who has narrated the following: “In Fars I saw a woman who had two heads and two chests on one groin. She was married and one expressed jealousy toward the other. Other people have narrated to us that he saw a man as such.”

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman who has narrated the following: “Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar narrated to me that he once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man against whom a woman without a man had laid a claim when their men were no more. When he became a man, the women married him and allowed him to enter their homes. A man had a house in his possession. The relatives of men and women who were no more asked him on oath not to give their right to those who do not have any right. The man who had the house in his possession knew the story of the man that he is being claimed as I mentioned but he is confused and does not know to whom he must give it; must he give it to the man or to the relatives of the women or to the relatives of men? He (the Imam) said, ‘He must give it to the one whom he knows is rightful to the best of his knowledge, that is, the relatives of the women because he does not know of any right for inheritance in favor of the man just because the women have claimed him. 5 ”

[Le contenu principal du hadith a été traduit ci-dessus.]

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ibn Ri’ab from Hanna ibn Sadir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who commits the indecent act with a Christian woman; and she gives birth to a boy and he claims him to be his child; then he dies leaving behind no other heirs except that boy; if he can inherit him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can inherit him.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui a commis l'adultère avec une non-musulmane et a eu un enfant avec elle, puis est décédé sans laisser d'autre enfant, doit-il hériter de lui ? Il a répondu : Oui.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il ibn Bazi’ and al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Hanan ibn Sadir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who commits the indecent act with a Jewish woman who gives birth; then he dies leaving behind no other heirs. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy must be kept safe from the Jewish woman for the child.’ I then asked about a Christian man who commits the indecent act with a Muslim woman and she gives birth to a boy; then the Christian man dies, leaving behind an asset and about who inherits him? He (the Imam) said, ‘His legacy belongs to his child from the Muslim woman.’”

L'héritage de l'enfant de la juive revient à celui-ci, tandis que l'héritage de l'enfant du chrétien revient à son fils issu de la musulmane.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad from Salim Mawla Tirbal from Hariz who has narrated the following: “This is about the case of a man who goes to bed with his slave-girl and sends her to do certain works for him. She becomes pregnant; he [accuses] her and receives news of her misbehaving. He (the Imam) said, ‘When she gives birth he must keep the child and must not sell him but assign for him a share from his house [and assets].’ It was then asked about a man who goes to bed with his slave-girl, does not send her to work for him but he accuses her of misbehaving and she becomes pregnant. He (the Imam) said, ‘When she gives birth he must keep the child and must not sell but assign a share for the child from his house and assets. This is not like that.’”

Il est recommandé de prendre soin des enfants nés de telles unions et de leur accorder des droits légitimes, même dans des circonstances où la relation n'était pas conforme aux normes éthiques. Cette recommandation souligne l'importance de la responsabilité parentale et de la protection des droits des enfants, quelles que soient les circonstances de leur naissance.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ‘ Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man from al-Ansar (people of al-Madinah) came to my father and said, ‘I am facing a huge problem. I have a slave-girl and I would go to bed with her. One day I went to bed with her, then went out for a certain work after taking Ghusl (bath); but I had forgotten something so I returned back home and found my slave on her belly. I counted nine months from that day and she gave birth to a girl. My father said to him, ‘It is not proper for you to go close to her. Do not sell her. Spend for her from your assets as long as you live, and make a will to spend for her after your death from your assets until Allah makes a way out thereof.’”

Un homme parmi les Ansar vint voir mon père et lui dit: "J'ai été confronté à une grande affaire. J'avais une esclave que j'ai possédée et que j'ai libérée un jour. Je suis sorti pour une affaire personnelle après m'être lavé d'elle et j'ai oublié une dépense à faire. Je suis retourné à la maison pour la récupérer et j'ai trouvé mon serviteur sur elle. J'ai compté pour elle depuis ce jour neuf mois et elle a donné naissance à un enfant. Mon père lui dit: "Il ne convient pas que tu t'approches d'elle ni que tu la vendes, mais dépense pour elle de ton argent tant que tu es en vie, puis fais un testament à ta mort pour qu'on dépense pour elle de ton argent jusqu'à ce qu'Allah lui ouvre une issue."

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Marwak ibn ‘Ubayd who has narrated the following: “I once visited abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.). I offered greeting of peace and asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. What do you say about the case of a man who dies and has no other heirs except a brother who is due to breastfeeding; can he inherit him? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, my father narrated to me from my grandfather, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, who has said, ‘One who drinks from our milk or gives milk to one of our children, we then are his fathers.”’ (This is perhaps to protect one from tyrants).

Celui qui boit de notre lait ou qui allaite un enfant pour nous, nous sommes ses pères.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Dawud from those whom he has mentioned who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the time of ’Amir al-Mu’minin a man died and had no heirs. ’Amir al-Mu’minin gave his legacy to his Hamshahrijah (his fellow countryman). 5 ”

"Un homme est décédé à l'époque de l'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) sans laisser d'héritier. L'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) a alors donné son héritage à son esclave."

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Khallad al-Sindiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘If a man dies without leaving behind any heirs then give his legacy to Hamshahrijah (his fellow countryman)

Ali (sur lui la paix) disait à propos d'un homme qui meurt en laissant des biens sans héritiers directs : "Donnez l'héritage à ses demi-frères."

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan ibn Afi from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ai-Sabatiy who has narrated the foliowing: “About the case of a Mukatabah between two partners, of whom one frees his share and about what the servant must do, he (the Imam) said, ‘The servant serves one day the one who has not freed his share and one day works for himself.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he dies and leaves assets?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The asset is half and half between the one who freed his share and the one who has not freed his share.’”

Dans une correspondance entre deux associés, si l'un affranchit la part de l'autre, comment doit agir le serviteur ? Il doit servir l'un un jour et servir lui-même un jour. J'ai dit : Mais si elle meurt en laissant des biens ? Il a répondu : Les biens sont partagés en deux entre celui qui a affranchi et celui qui a retenu.

2. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from al-Hassan ibn Musa al-Khashshab from Ghiyath ibn Kalfub from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a slave who had contracted his freedom came to ’ Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), and said, ‘My master made a contract with me with the condition of several installment payments every year. I brought him all installments to pay at once and asked him to accept it and allow my freedom but he refused. Amir al-Mu’minin summoned him and he said, ‘He has spoken the truth.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Why do you not accept the assets and approve his freedom?’ He replied, ‘I accept only in installments as the condition requires and I avoid his legacy.’ Amir al-Mu’minin then said, ‘You have the right to stay with your condition.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne un homme qui avait conclu un contrat d'affranchissement avec des conditions spécifiques et qui est venu voir l'Imam Ali (paix soit sur lui) pour demander à modifier ces conditions. L'Imam Ali (paix soit sur lui) a confirmé la validité de ses conditions et l'a encouragé à les respecter, soulignant ainsi l'importance de l'intégrité dans les engagements contractuels.