Paiement des dettes

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Sanaa ‘ah who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if one of us has a few things in his possession with which he meets his expenses and he also is indebted. Should he feed his family with that which he owns and wait until Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, grants him ease then pay his debts, or should he borrow on his back in difficult times for earning, or should he accept charity?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He has to pay the debt with what he owns, so he does not consume people’s belongings, except if he has something with which he can pay off their rights. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, “You must not consume your belongings among yourselves in false manners unless it is a trading by mutual consent among you.” (4:29) He must not borrow on his back unless he has something with which he can make payment, he may also go door to door and they may send him back with a morsel or two or one piece of date or two, unless he has a heir (guardian) who pays off after him; no one of us dies for whom Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, does not make a heir (guardian) who takes charge of his means and his debts to make payments by his means.’”

Aucun de nous n'est mort sans qu'Allah Tout-Puissant ne lui assigne un garant qui se lève pour son nombre et sa dette, et il règle son nombre et sa dette.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that a servant and a house must not be sold; it is necessary for a man to have a shelter and a servant.”

La maison et la servante ne doivent pas être vendues pour une dette, car l'homme a besoin d'un abri où résider et d'un serviteur pour le servir.

4. Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Bandar has narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from Burayd al- ‘ Ij liy who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I am indebted’ - I think he said, ‘to the orphans’ and I am afraid if I sell my property I will be left without any assets.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not sell your property; however, you should pay a certain part and keep certain other parts.’” (Fatwa best explains this Hadith)

قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ عَلَيَّ دَيْناً وَأَظُنُّهُ قَالَ لأيْتَامٍ وَأَخَافُ إِنْ بِعْتُ ضَيْعَتِي بَقِيتُ وَمَا لِي شَيْ‏ءٌ فَقَالَ لا تَبِعْ ضَيْعَتَكَ وَلَكِنْ أَعْطِهِ بَعْضاً وَأَمْسِكْ بَعْضاً.

5. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Ahmar from ‘Abd Allah ibn Hammad from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has said the following: “Once, when I was present, a man came to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asking to pay his debts. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing with us today; however, tomorrow we will receive Khitr and wasma (henna) which will be sold and Allah willing, we will help you.’ The man then said, ‘Promise me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘How can I promise you if I am more hopeful for what I do not expect than for what I do expect to happen?”’

"Je te fixerai une date quand je serai sûr de pouvoir le faire."

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Yusuf ibn al-Sukht from Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman from al-Fadl ibn Sulayman from al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Isa who has said the following: “Once, Ali ibn Al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was placed under pressure. He went to one of his Mawla’ (friend or follower) and asked him to lend him ten thousand dirham up to the time he is able to pay back. He (his friend) said, ‘No, because it is not with me; however, I want a promissory note.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘He (the Imam) tore a piece from his gown and said this is the promissory note.’ His Mawla’ did not like it and became angry. He (the Imam) said, ‘Am I more trustworthy or Hajib ibn Zurarah?’ He (his Mawla’) replied, ‘You are more trustworthy than Hajib ibn Zurarah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘How is it that Hajib by depositing his bow, only a piece of wood, as a guarantee to bail out one hundred, also being a non-Muslim, kept up to his words and I will not keep up my word despite depositing a piece of my gown? 5 He (the narrator) said that his Mawla’ took the piece of his gown and lent him the dirhams and placed the piece of fabric in a container. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, granted him ease and he (the Imam) took the dirhams to return to the man and said, ‘Here is the dirhams. Where is the promissory note (the piece of my gown)? He replied, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I have lost it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You then cannot have your dirhams from me. One like me is not treated lightly in matters of trust.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘He then brought the container and the piece of fabric was in it. Ali ibn Al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, gave the dirhams to him and took the piece of fabric and threw it away and left.’”

"Ali ibn al-Hussein (que la paix soit sur eux) se sentit oppressé. Il alla voir un de ses serviteurs et lui demanda de lui prêter dix mille dirhams jusqu'à Maïssara. Le serviteur lui répondit qu'il n'avait pas cette somme mais qu'il voulait une garantie. Ali lui déchira un morceau de son vêtement et lui dit que c'était sa garantie. Le serviteur refusa cela, se fâcha et dit qu'il était plus digne de fidélité que Hajib ibn Zurara. Ali lui dit qu'il était plus digne que lui. Le serviteur demanda alors comment Hajib pouvait mettre en gage un arc alors qu'il n'était qu'un morceau de bois porté par cent chameaux, et qu'il était mécréant mais qu'il remboursait, alors qu'Ali ne rembourserait pas un morceau de son vêtement. Le serviteur prit le morceau de vêtement, lui donna les dirhams et plaça le morceau dans un sac. Allah facilita la richesse pour lui, il la porta au serviteur et lui dit qu'il avait récupéré sa richesse et lui demanda sa garantie. Le serviteur lui répondit qu'il l'avait perdue. Ali lui dit alors qu'il ne prendrait plus rien de lui, car il n'y avait personne comme lui qui prenait à la légère son engagement. Le serviteur rendit le sac et Ali ibn al-Hussein (que la paix soit sur eux) lui donna les dirhams, prit le morceau de vêtement, le jeta et s'en alla."

7. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) from Yusuf ibn al-Sukht from Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman from his father from ‘Isa ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “‘Abd Allah was about to die and his creditors gathered around him demanding payment. He said to them, ‘I do not have any property to pay you but you may choose one of the sons of my uncle, Ali ibn Al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja’far who will assume responsibility to pay you.’ They said, “Abd Allah ibn Ja’far is a procrastinator and slow to respond. Ali ibn Al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, does not have any properties but is a truthful person and more beloved one of the two to us.’ He then sent someone to inform him of the case, and he said, ‘I assume responsibility to pay you by the time of harvest,’ although he did not have any harvest but he said so to show kindness. The people said, ‘We accept your offer.’ He assumed the responsibility and when time for harvest came Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, made it possible for him to pay and he did so.”

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne la générosité et la confiance en Allah dans le remboursement des dettes, illustrées par l'histoire d'Abdullah qui garantit le remboursement d'une dette en se basant sur la sincérité et la confiance envers ses proches.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all ibn abu ‘Umayr from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Flamid from ‘Uthman ibn Ziyad who has said the following: “Once I said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that a man owes me a certain amount and wants to sell his house to pay me. Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘I seek protection for you with Allah against taking him out of the shadow on his head.’”

قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَيْناً وَقَدْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ دَارَهُ فَيَقْضِيَنِي قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أُعِيذُكَ بِاللهِ أَنْ تُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ ظِلِّ رَأْسِهِ.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from his father from Khalaf ibn Flammad from Muhriz from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Debts are three. One man is he who when a lender gives the borrower respite and the borrower pays it off without delay. In his case it is all for him and it is not against him. There also is a man who as lender asks for payment and as a borrower he pays in time. In his case there is nothing for or against him. There is a man who as a lender demands payment and he as a borrower delays payment. In his case it is against him but not for him.”

La dette est de trois sortes: un homme en avait et il a attendu, puis quand il a eu, il a donné sans tarder, cela est pour lui et non contre lui; un homme en avait, il a remboursé dès qu'il a pu, puis quand il a eu, il a donné, cela n'est ni pour lui ni contre lui; un homme en avait, il a remboursé dès qu'il a pu, puis quand il a eu, il a tardé, cela est contre lui et non pour lui.