Rares hadiths sur la charité

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘The best charity is that which is out of surplus in (one’s) hands.’”

La meilleure des aumônes est celle donnée sur l'excédent.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “This is about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘feed the despondent poor one . . .’ (22:29) Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Such a time is when he is unable to go out for help due to his illness.’”

...concernant la parole d'Allah, Le Très-Haut : "Et nourrissez le pauvre misérable", il a dit : "C'est celui qui ne peut pas sortir pour sa subsistance."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mehran ibn Muhammad from Sa‘d ibn Tarif who has said the following: “This is about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘. . . As far as the one who gives (charity), observes piety and believes in good words (receiving good rewards from Allah). . . .’, Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘To such people Allah gives a tenfold reward or up to one hundred and even more.’ ‘. . . We make it easy for his comfort . . .’ the Imam said, ‘He does not do anything but that Allah makes it easy for him to achieve.’ ‘. . . As far the one who is stingy and rich . . .’ the Imam said, ‘He is stingy in what Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has granted him.’ ‘. . . and rejects the good words (receiving rewards from Allah) . . . ’ the Imam said, ‘It is Allah’s promise of tenfold reward for giving charity up to one hundred thousand or even more.’ ‘. . . We will soon make it difficult for him . . .’ the Imam said, ‘Whatever evil things he wants is made easy for him.’ ‘. . . His wealth does not help him when he falls . . .’ (92:4-11), the Imam said, ‘This is not a fall into a well, from the top of a mountain, or from a wall. It is a fall into hellfire.””

Quant à celui qui donne, craint Dieu et atteste de la belle récompense, Dieu Tout-Puissant lui donnera de un à dix jusqu'à cent mille. S'il donne davantage, Dieu lui facilitera le bien. Et quant à celui qui est avare et se croit indépendant, il est avare de ce que Dieu lui a donné et nie la belle récompense, pensant que Dieu ne donne que de un à dix jusqu'à cent mille. S'il donne davantage, Dieu lui facilitera le mal. Son argent ne le protégera pas s'il tombe. Par Dieu, il ne tombera pas dans un puits, ni d'une montagne, ni d'un mur, mais il tombera dans le feu de l'Enfer.

6. It is narrated from the narrator of previous Hadith from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from Zurarah from Salim ibn abu Hafsah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, has said,

Certes, Allah, Le Béni et Le Très-Haut, dit : "Il n'y a rien que j'ai confié à quelqu'un d'autre pour le reprendre, sauf la charité. Car je la prends de ma propre main, avec soin. Il arrive qu'un homme donne en charité un seul morceau de datte ou un demi-morceau de datte, et je le fais grandir pour lui comme un homme fait grandir son poulain ou son petit chameau. Il viendra au Jour de la Résurrection et cela sera comme la montagne d'Ouhoud, voire plus grand que la montagne d'Ouhoud."

7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from those who narrated to him from ‘Abd al-Rahman al-‘Arzamiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that a man once came to al-Hassan and al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, when the two of them were sitting on al-Safa’ (the small hill in Makkah). He asked them for charity and they said, ‘Charity can only be paid to one who suffers from a troubling debt, a disgracing loss or severe poverty. Do you have any one of such conditions?’ He replied, ‘Yes, I do.’ They then gave him something. He had asked ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar and ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu Bakr for charity, and they had given him something without asking him any questions. He then went back to them and asked, ‘Why did you not ask me any questions as al-Hassan and al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have done?’ He informed them about what al-Hassan and al-Husayn had asked. They replied, ‘They (al-Hassan and al-Husayn) are being fed with a great deal of knowledge.’”

Un homme vint voir Hassan et Hussein (que la paix soit sur eux) alors qu'ils étaient assis sur la colline de Safa. Il leur demanda, et ils dirent : "La charité n'est licite que dans une dette oppressante, une amende écrasante ou une pauvreté écrasante. As-tu quelque chose de cela ?" Il répondit : "Oui." Ils lui donnèrent. Cet homme questionna Abdullah ibn Omar et Abderrahman ibn Abi Bakr, qui lui donnèrent sans lui poser de questions. Il retourna vers Hassan et Hussein (que la paix soit sur eux) et leur dit : "Pourquoi ne m'avez-vous pas interrogé sur ce que m'ont interrogé Hassan et Hussein ?" Ils lui répondirent : "Ils sont nourris par la connaissance d'une nourriture spéciale."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from those who narrated to him from Misma’ who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Do not ask my followers for charity in their gatherings, because you may make them seem stingy.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a dit: "Ne demandez pas à ma communauté dans ses assemblées, de peur de la priver."

9. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Aban from abu Basir who has said the following: “This is about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘Believers, give charity of good quality things that you have earned and of what We make to grow for you from the land. You must not aim at less valuable things to give for charity. . . .’(2:267) Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, wanted people to pay zakat of dates, they would bring all kinds of dates, including undesirable quality dates to pay for zakat. Of such dates was a kind called al-Ju‘rur and al-Mi‘afarah, which has very little fruit, but has a large stone inside. Certain people would bring this kind of date to give for zakat instead of a good quality date. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, asked them not to bring such dates to give for zakat, and the above-mentioned verse of the Holy Quran was revealed about this case. “Believers, give charity of good quality things that you have earned and of what We make to grow for you from the land. You must not aim at less valuable things which even you do not accept, unless you overlook to give for charity.” (2:264) “Overlook” means giving in charity of very inferior quality goods like the two kinds of dates just mentioned.’”

Ô vous qui avez cru, dépensez de ce que Nous vous avons attribué comme bien avant que vienne le jour où il n'y aura ni rançon ni amitié ni intercession. Et les mécréants, ce sont eux les injustes. Allah, il n'y a de divinité que Lui, le Vivant, Celui qui subsiste par lui-même. Ni somnolence ni sommeil ne Le saisissent. À Lui appartient tout ce qui est dans les cieux et sur la terre. Qui peut intercéder auprès de Lui sans Sa permission ? Il connaît leur passé et leur futur. Et ils n'embrassent de Sa science que ce qu'Il veut. Son Trône embrasse les cieux et la terre, dont la garde ne Lui coûte aucune peine. Et Il est le Très Haut, le Très Grand.

10. In another Hadith, it is narrated from abu Basir who has said the following: “This is about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘Pay charity out of good things you have earned. . . .’ (2:264) Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ‘people before Islam had made loathsome earnings. After accepting Islam they wanted to pay such earnings for zakat, but Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, refused to accept such payments instead of payment out of their good quality earnings.’”

Concernant la parole d'Allah, exalté soit-Il, "Dépensez des meilleures choses que vous avez gagnées", les gens avaient accumulé des gains illicites à l'époque de l'ignorance, et lorsqu'ils se convertirent à l'islam, ils voulaient s'en débarrasser en faisant des actes de charité. Cependant, Allah, glorifié et exalté soit-Il, ne leur permit de dépenser que ce qu'ils avaient acquis de manière licite.

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from a man who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that once a man came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘I am an old man with a large family to feed, of weak health and poor. Is there any help to overcome my difficulties?’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, looked to his companions and his companions looked at him. He said, ‘He made us and you to hear his words.’ A man then stood up and said, ‘Yesterday I was like you.’ He then took him to his house and gave him a bar of gold that they used instead of currency for buying and selling. The old man then asked, ‘Is all this for me?’ He said, ‘Yes, all of it is for you.’ The old man said, ‘I accept your bar of gold, but I am not a Jinny or a human being. I am a messenger of Allah to test you. I have found you a thankful person. May Allah grant you good reward.’”

قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَقَالَ إِنِّي شَيْخٌ كَثِيرُ الْعِيَالِ ضَعِيفُ الرُّكْنِ قَلِيلُ الشَّيْ‏ءِ فَهَلْ مِنْ مَعُونَةٍ عَلَى زَمَانِي فَنَظَرَ رَسولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ وَقَالَ قَدْ أَسْمَعَنَا الْقَوْلَ وَأَسْمَعَكُمْ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ مِثْلَكَ بِالأَمْسِ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ مِرْوَداً مِنْ تِبْرٍ وَكَانُوا يَتَبَايَعُونَ بِالتِّبْرِ وَهُوَ الذَّهَبُ وَالْفِضَّةُ فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا كُلُّهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَقْبَلُ تِبْرَكَ فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ بِجِنِّيٍّ وَلا إِنْسِيٍّ وَلَكِنِّي رَسولٌ مِنَ الله لأَبْلُوَكَ فَوَجَدْتُكَ شَاكِراً فَجَزَاكَ الله خَيْراً.

12. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Misma’ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Once we were in the presence of abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in Mina (a place in Makkah). We were eating grapes when a man came asking for help. Imam told someone to give him a bunch. The man said, ‘I do not need this. I need dirhams.’ The Imam said, ‘May Allah grant you a great deal.’ The man went away and then came back saying, ‘Give me that bunch of grapes.’ The Imam said, ‘May Allah give you a great deal and did not give him anything.’ Soon, another man came and asked for help. The Imam offered him just three pieces of grape that he accepted and said, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the worlds who has granted me sustenance.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘Wait,’ filled up both of his hands with grapes and gave it to him. The man took the grapes from the Imam and said, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Wait,’ and he (the Imam) asked his servant, saying, ‘How many dirhams do you have with you?’ We estimated there were about twenty dirhams with the servant. He gave them to the man, who took them and said, ‘All praise belongs to Allah. This is from You alone and You have no partners.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘Wait,’ and he (the Imam) took off his shirt and said, ‘Wear this.’ The man took the shirt and said, ‘O abu ‘Abd Allah, all praise belongs to Allah who has granted me clothes and covering.’ Or he said, ‘O abu ‘Abd Allah, may Allah grant you good rewards. Nothing except this is left with abu ‘Abd Allah.’ He then left. We thought had he not prayed for ‘Abd Allah, he would keep giving him something as long as he kept praising Allah.’”

Nous étions avec Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) à Mina, et nous avions des raisins devant nous que nous mangions. Un demandeur vint et lui demanda. Il ordonna qu'on lui donne une grappe de raisins, et le demandeur dit : "Je n'ai pas besoin de cela même si c'était un dirham." Il lui dit : "Que Dieu te suffise." Puis il partit et revint, disant : "Renvoyez la grappe de raisins." Il dit : "Que Dieu te suffise." Il ne lui donna rien. Ensuite, un autre demandeur vint et Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) prit trois grains de raisin et les lui donna. Le demandeur les prit de sa main et dit : "Louange à Dieu, Seigneur de l'univers, qui m'a pourvu." Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) dit : "Reste où tu es, ô garçon." Il remplit ses mains de raisins et les lui donna. Le demandeur les prit de sa main et dit : "Louange à Dieu, Seigneur de l'univers." Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) dit : "Reste où tu es, ô garçon. Si tu as des dirhams avec toi, environ vingt dirhams que nous avons misés ou quelque chose de similaire, donne-les à cet homme." Il les prit et dit : "Louange à Dieu, c'est de toi seul, sans associé." Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) dit : "Reste où tu es." Il retira une chemise qu'il portait et dit : "Mets ceci." Il le fit. Puis il dit : "Louange à Dieu qui m'a habillé et couvert, ô Abu Abdullah." Ou il a dit : "Que Dieu te récompense de bien." Il ne priait pas pour Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) sans obtenir quelque chose en retour. Puis il partit. Nous avons pensé que s'il n'avait pas prié pour lui, il aurait continué à lui donner, car chaque fois qu'il lui donnait, il remerciait Dieu et lui donnait.

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that if it becomes difficult for one of you, you should inform your brother (in belief) while you are unable to help yourself.”

Quand l'un d'entre vous se sent oppressé, qu'il en informe son frère et ne se laisse pas seul.

14. Muhammad ibn Ali has narrated from Mu’ammar in a marfu‘ manner from ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who has said the following: “In one of his speeches, ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The best deed is protecting one’s dignity by means of wealth.’”

L'Imam Ali (que la paix de Dieu soit sur lui) a dit dans l'une de ses prêches: "Certes, la meilleure action est de protéger l'honneur avec sa richesse."

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘There are three things which would help lengthen his life if a believing person comes to know them and make his wealth more durable.’ I then asked, ‘What are those things?’ The Imam replied, ‘They are remaining in Ruku’ for a long time, as well as in his Sajdah during prayer (Salat), his sitting for a long time on the table when feeding people, and those providing Benevolent Assistance to properly deserving people.’”

"Trois choses, si le croyant les connaît, prolongent sa vie, maintiennent les bienfaits sur lui." J'ai demandé: "Quelles sont-elles?" Il a répondu: "Le fait de prolonger l'inclinaison et la prosternation dans sa prière, de prolonger son assise à table après avoir nourri, et de maintenir de bonnes relations avec sa famille."

16. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Once I explained before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a people who are affluent, but have certain ones among them who are extremely needy. Zakat is not enough for them. ‘Can these affluent people live satisfied while their people suffer from hunger in such a difficult time?’ The Imam said, ‘The Muslims are each other’s brothers (in belief). It is not permissible for them to do injustice to each other, betray or deprive one another. It is necessary for a Muslim to strive hard and maintain good relations, cooperation and sympathy with the needy ones. It is showing kindness to each other about which Allah has issued His commanded on you to follow, ‘. . . They are kind to each other. . . ( 48 : 29 )’”

...j'ai dit: "Il y a des gens chez qui il y a de l'excès et dont les frères ont un besoin pressant, et la zakat ne leur suffit pas. Est-il permis à ces gens de se rassasier tandis que leurs frères ont faim?" Il répondit: "Le temps est difficile. Le musulman est le frère du musulman, il ne lui fait pas de tort, ne l'abandonne pas et ne le prive pas. Il est donc obligatoire pour les musulmans de faire des efforts, de se soutenir mutuellement, de coopérer et de secourir ceux dans le besoin. Soyez miséricordieux les uns envers les autres, comme Allah vous l'a ordonné, compatissants et unis."