Disciplines pendant le jeûne

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from al- Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Jarrah al-Mada’iniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that fasting is not fasting from food and drink only.” He then said, “Mary had said, ‘I have made a vow (promise) before the Beneficent to fast,’ meaning not to speak to anyone and remain silent, according to another script. When you fast, you should control your tongue, cast down your eyes, you must not quarrel and you must not be jealous.” The Imam then said, “The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once heard a woman abusing her fasting servant. The Messenger of Allah asked for food and then asked the woman to eat. She said, ’I am fasting.’ He then said, ‘How can you be fasting while speaking words of abuse against your housemaid? Fasting is not fasting from food and drink only.’” He (the narrator) has said, that abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, “When you fast, your ears and eyes must also stop committing unlawful acts and evil matters. You must not quarrel or hurt your servant. You must maintain the dignity of fasting and you must not make your day of fasting just like another day.”

Il a été rapporté de l'Imam Ja'far As-Sadiq (que la paix soit sur lui) qu'il a dit : "Le jeûne ne consiste pas seulement à s'abstenir de nourriture et de boisson. Marie a dit : 'J'ai voué un jeûne au Tout Miséricordieux', c'est-à-dire un jeûne de silence. Dans une autre version : 'un jeûne de silence'. Quand vous jeûnez, gardez vos langues, baissez vos regards, ne vous disputez pas, ne soyez pas envieux." Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) a entendu une femme maudire sa servante alors qu'elle jeûnait. Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) lui a apporté de la nourriture et lui a dit de manger. Elle a répondu : 'Je jeûne.' Il lui a demandé : 'Comment peux-tu jeûner alors que tu as maudit ta servante ? Le jeûne ne consiste pas seulement à s'abstenir de nourriture et de boisson.' L'Imam Ja'far As-Sadiq (que la paix soit sur lui) a également dit : 'Quand tu jeûnes, que ton ouïe et ta vue jeûnent aussi de ce qui est interdit et laid. Abandonne les disputes, le préjudice envers les serviteurs, et que la dignité du jeûne soit sur toi. Ne fais pas du jour de ton jeûne un jour de rupture du jeûne.'

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub, from abu Ayyub, from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that if anyone of you fasts for three days of a month, you should not quarrel with anyone or act ignorantly. He should not be hasty to swear or to swear by Allah, and if anyone else may act ignorantly, he should exercise forbearance.”

Lorsque l'un d'entre vous jeûne les trois jours du mois, qu'il ne dispute personne, qu'il ne soit pas grossier, et qu'il ne se hâte pas de jurer et de faire des serments par Allah. Si quelqu'un lui manque de respect, qu'il endure cela patiemment.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, has narrated from his ancestors, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, who have stated this Hadith.

Il n'y a pas de serviteur pieux qui est insulté et qui répond en disant: 'Je jeûne, que la paix soit sur toi, je ne t'insulterai pas comme tu m'as insulté', sans que le Seigneur, béni et exalté soit-Il, ne protège Son serviteur du mal de son détracteur, car je l'ai protégé du Feu.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman and others who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘You must not read poems during the night. You must not read poems in the month of Ramadan during the night or during the day.’ Isma‘il then said, ‘Father, but it is in our praise.’ The Imam said, ‘Even if it is in our praise, do not read poems.’”

Il a dit : "On ne doit pas réciter de poésie la nuit, ni réciter de poésie pendant le mois de Ramadan, de jour comme de nuit." Ismaïl lui dit : "Ô mon père, même parmi nous ?" Il répondit : "Même parmi vous."

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Ubayd from ‘Ubayd ibn Harun who has said that abu Yazid narrated to us from Husayn who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In the month of Ramadan you should increase asking forgiveness from Allah and offering prayer before Him. Prayers repel misfortunes, and asking forgiveness deletes your sins.’”

Pendant le mois de Ramadan, augmentez vos demandes de pardon et vos invocations. Car les invocations repoussent les calamités et le pardon efface vos péchés.

8. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) who has said the following: “Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in the month of Ramadan would not speak anything other than prayer, Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects), ’Istighfar, (O Allah, I appeal before You for forgiveness) and Takhir (Allah is great beyond description). After breaking his fast, he would say, ‘O Allah, if You want to do something, You just do it without fail.’”

Lorsque le mois de Ramadan arrivait, Ali ibn al-Hussein (que la paix soit sur eux) ne parlait qu'en faisant des invocations, des glorifications, des demandes de pardon et des exaltations. Et quand il rompait le jeûne, il disait : "Ô Allah, si Tu veux, Tu agis comme Tu veux."

9. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-Washsha’ from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘Fasting is not abstaining from food and drink only. Mary had said, “I have made a vow before the Beneficent to fast,” meaning thereby to remain silent. You must control your tongues and cast down your eyes. You must not be jealous and you must not quarrel. Jealousy consumes belief just as fire consumes fire wood.’”

قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَقُولُ إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ وْحَدَهُ إِنَّ مَرْيَمَ (عَلَيْها السَّلاَم) قَالَتْ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً أَيْ صَمْتاً فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَغُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَلا تَحَاسَدُوا وَلا تَنَازَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْحَسَدَ يَأْكُلُ الإِيمَانَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ النَّارُ الْحَطَبَ.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mansur ibn Yunus from abu Basir who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘Speaking lies invalidates Wudu’ and fasting.’ I (the narrator) then said, ‘We are destroyed.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not the way you think it is. It means speaking lies against Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, His Messenger and ’A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam.’”

Le mensonge annule les ablutions et rompt le jeûne. J'ai dit : "Sommes-nous perdus ?" Il a répondu : "Non, là où tu vas. En vérité, ce mensonge est contre Allah, le Très Haut, contre Son Messager et contre les Imams."

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Musa from Ghiyath from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Allah dislikes the existence of six things with me. I dislike such things to exist in the executors of the will in my descendants and their followers after me. One such matter is carnal relations during fasting.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a dit : "Certes, Allah déteste pour moi six choses, que j'ai ensuite détestées pour mes héritiers et leurs partisans après moi : la vulgarité pendant le jeûne."