Interdiction de la chasse et ses règles dans l'état de l'al-'Ihram, dans la zone sacrée ou non sacrée

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A person in the state of Ihram must not show a prey to the hunter; if one does, there is ransom for it upon him.’”

Le pèlerin en état d'ihram ne doit pas indiquer le gibier, mais s'il le fait, il est permis de le tuer et il doit payer une compensation.

3. Ibn abu ‘Umayr and from Safwan ibn Yahya all has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘You must not eat of the flesh of a prey while you are in the state of Ihram, even if the hunter is not in the state of Ihram. There is no ransom on you because of what you do out of ignorance except hunting, in which case there is ransom, regardless of being done out of ignorance or with knowledge.’”

Ne mange pas de la chasse alors que tu es en état d'interdiction (rituelle), même si celui qui l'a touchée la rend licite, et tu n'as pas de compensation pour ce que tu as pris par ignorance, sauf pour la chasse, car tu as une compensation à payer pour elle, que ce soit par ignorance ou intentionnellement.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who hunts because of his ignorance of the rules. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is ransom for it upon him.’ I then said, ‘It happened because of mistake.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is a mistake in your view?’ I replied, ‘It is when one shoots at one palm tree but it hits another one.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is a mistake but there is ransom on him.’ I said, ‘But he has taken a bird knowingly and has slaughtered it while he is in the state of Ihram.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is Kaffarah (expiation) upon him.’ I then asked, ‘Have you not said that a mistake, ignorance and doing something knowingly are not the same? In what way then, is knowledgeable different from ignorant and mistaking? He (the Imam) said, ‘He has sinned and played with his religion.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu al-Hasan al-Rida (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet de celui qui, en étant en état de sacralisation, chasse un animal par ignorance. Il a dit : "Il doit faire une expiation." J'ai dit : "Et s'il commet une erreur ?" Il a dit : "Quelle est ta définition de l'erreur ?" J'ai dit : "Il vise ce palmier et touche un autre palmier." Il a dit : "Oui, c'est une erreur et il doit faire une expiation." J'ai dit : "Et s'il attrape délibérément un oiseau et le sacrifie alors qu'il est en état de sacralisation ?" Il a dit : "Il doit faire une expiation." J'ai dit : "N'est-ce pas que l'erreur, l'ignorance et l'intention ne sont pas équivalents ? Alors, pour quel motif le délibéré l'emporte-t-il sur l'ignorant et le fautif ?" Il a dit : "Il a commis un péché et a joué avec sa religion."

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a hunter in the state of Ihram shoots a prey and kills two of them, he owes Kaffarah (expiation) for two as penalty.’”

Lorsque le pèlerin lance une flèche et qu'il touche deux animaux, il doit alors expier deux fois pour cela.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa and ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one who is in the state of Ihram kills a prey in al- Haram (the sacred area) it is proper for him to bury it so no one eats it. If he kills it in non-al-Haram (the sacred area), then those who are not in the state of Ihram can eat it and he owes a kaffarah (expiation).”’

Quand le pèlerin atteint sa proie dans le sanctuaire alors qu'il est en état d'ihram, il doit l'enterrer et personne ne doit la manger. Mais s'il l'atteint en dehors du sanctuaire, alors il peut la manger et il doit payer une compensation.

7. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who in the state of Ihram kills a prey and one who is not in the state of Ihram eats it. He (the Imam) said, ‘One who is not in the state of Ihram can eat it and there is not anything on him but ransom is upon one who is in the state of Ihram/”

Qu'il mange de ce qui est licite, il n'y a rien sur lui, car l'expiation ne concerne que celui qui a commis l'interdit.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz ibn ‘Abd Allah from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the meat of wild animals given as gift, he does not know if it is hunted and he has not commanded it; if he can eat. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot eat it.’ I then asked about qadid (meat dried up in the sun) of wild animals for one in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot eat it.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet de la viande d'un animal sauvage qui est offerte à un homme sans qu'il sache s'il l'a chassée ou non, et sans qu'il ne lui ait été ordonné de la manger. Il a dit : "Non". J'ai demandé : "Est-il interdit de manger la viande d'un animal sauvage qui a été tué par une flèche ?" Il a dit : "Non".

9. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Jamil who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the prey that one has of the wild in his family or of birds; if it is unlawful for him when he is at his home. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful for him.’”

La chasse d'un homme parmi les animaux de sa famille ou parmi les oiseaux est-elle interdite lorsqu'il est chez lui ? Il n'y a pas de mal, cela ne lui nuit pas.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Whatever you or your camel step on while you are in the state of Ihram, you must pay ransom for it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Take notice that there is no ransom for what you do out of ignorance in the state of Ihram in your al-Hajj or al-‘Umrah except hunting, for which there is ransom, regardless of ignorance and with knowledge.’”

Si tu piétines involontairement un animal avec ton chameau alors que tu es en état d'ihram, tu dois offrir une compensation pour cela. Sache que tu n'as pas à offrir de compensation pour quelque chose que tu as tué par ignorance tout en étant en état d'ihram pour le pèlerinage ou la 'umra, sauf pour la chasse. Dans ce cas, tu dois offrir une compensation, que ce soit par inadvertance ou intentionnellement.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has narrated from his ancestors, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, that ’Amir al- Mu’minin ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, about one who in the state of Ihram, hunts a prey and makes it bleed, then releases it, he owes the penalty.’”

L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Que la prière d'Allah soit sur lui, pendant le mois de Muharram, celui qui atteint sa proie et la blesse, puis la laisse partir, sa récompense sera sur lui."