Effectuer la Prière surérogatoire avant ou après, la Prière compensatoire pour elles et la Prière de al-Duha’

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ’Perform the compensatory prayer for whatever of Salah (prayer) is missed during the day in day time and what is missed during the night in night time.’ I then asked, ’Can I perform the compensatory prayer for two al-Witr in one night?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, perform the compensatory prayer for al-Witr all the time.’”

قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) اقْضِ مَا فَاتَكَ مِنْ صَلاَةِ النَّهَارِ بِالنَّهَارِ وَمَا فَاتَكَ مِنْ صَلاَةِ اللَّيْلِ بِاللَّيْلِ قُلْتُ أَقْضِي وَتْرَيْنِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ فَقَالَ نَعَمِ اقْضِ وَتْراً أَبَداً.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Murazim who has said the following: “’Isma’il ibn Jabir once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, there is a great deal of optional Salah (prayer) upon me. What should I do?’ He (the Imam) said, ’Perform the compensatory prayer for them.’ He said, ‘They are of a great number.’ He (the Imam) said, ’Perform the compensatory prayer for them.’ He said, ‘I cannot count them.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Try to perform them.’ Murazim has said, ‘I fell ill for four months in which I could not perform optional Salah (prayer). I said, ’I pray to Allah to keep you well, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I fell ill for four months and I could not perform any optional Salah (prayer).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no compensatory prayer for them upon you; one suffering from illness is not like one in good health. Whoever is overpowered by Allah, for him Allah is the first to pardon.’”

`Ismaël ibn Jābir a interrogé Abā 'Abdillāh (que la paix soit sur lui) sur la manière de gérer les prières surérogatoires abondantes d'Alī. La réponse indique que les malades ne sont pas tenus de rattraper les actes de culte manqués en raison de leur état de santé.`

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ’Isma‘il al-Al-Ju‘fiy who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The best compensatory prayer for a Salah (prayer) missed is the compensatory prayer during the night for what is missed during the night and what is missed during the day is made during the day.’ I then said, ’So there will be two al-Witr in one night.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, there will not be two al-Witr.’ I then said, ‘Why then do you instruct me to perform two al-Witr in one night?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One of them is a compensatory prayer for what is missed.’”

La meilleure des pratiques surérogatoires est de prier les prières surérogatoires de la nuit pendant la nuit et les prières surérogatoires du jour pendant le jour.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once was asked about a man who has missed performing Salah (prayer) during the day. When is he required to perform the compensatory prayer for such Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) said, ‘He can do whenever he wants. He can perform them after al-Maghrib or after al-‘Isha.”

Quand il le souhaite, s'il veut après le coucher du soleil et s'il veut après le crépuscule.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who misses Salah (prayer) to be performed during the day. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can perform them whenever he wants. He can perform them after al-Maghrib or after al-‘Isha’.’”

J'ai demandé à propos d'un homme qui manque la prière de la journée. Il a répondu : "Il peut la rattraper s'il le souhaite après le coucher du soleil ou s'il le souhaite après le dîner."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il al-Qummiy from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “’Amir al-Mu’minin once passed by a man who was performing al-Duha’ (optional Salah (prayer) at noontime before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) in Masjid of al-Kufah. He (’Amir al-Mu’minin) poked his side with his whip (handle) and said, ‘You cut the throat of the Salah (prayer) of repenting people, may Allah cut your throat.’ He asked, ‘Must I omit it? He (the Imam) said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin said, “Have you seen the one who forbids a servant who performs Salah (prayer)” (96:9,10) he added.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘The denial of Amir al- Mu’minin is sufficient prohibition to perform such Salah (prayer).”’ (’Amir al-Mu’minin meant that it is not permissible to prohibit Salah (prayer) but Salah (prayer) of a prescribed time performed before its time is not a Salah (prayer). (It seems the man performed the optional Salah (prayer) soon after Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) before its due time).

L'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) a vu un homme accomplir la prière du Duha dans la mosquée de Kufa. Il lui a tapoté le flanc avec un bâton et a dit : "Tu sacrifies la prière des repentants, que Dieu te sacrifie." L'homme a répondu : "Dois-je l'abandonner ?" Il a dit : "As-tu vu celui qui interdit à son esclave de prier ?" Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Il suffit de nier Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) pour interdire."

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah and al-Fudayl who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Salah (prayer) of al-Duha’ (optional Salah (prayer) at noontime before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) is heresy.”

"La prière du Dhuha est une innovation."

10. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Aban from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) al-Witr after al-Dhuhr. He (the Imam) said, ‘Perform Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) al-Witr all the time just as it is missed.’ I then asked, ‘Can there be two al-Witr in one night?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, is not one of them a Qada’ (compensatory prayer)?”’

J'ai interrogé Abu Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) au sujet de la prière impaire après le Dhuhr. Il a dit : "Prie toujours impaire, comme il t'a été négligé." J'ai dit : "Deux prières impaires en une nuit ?" Il a dit : "Oui, l'une d'elles est une obligation."

11. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn al-Mughirah from abu Jarir al-Qummiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Abu Ja‘far would perform the Qada’ (compensatory prayer) twenty al-Witr in one night.’”

Abū Ja'far (sur lui la paix) accomplissait vingt prières surérogatoires en une nuit.

12. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If there, upon you, is Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) two al-Witr or more, perform them as they were missed with an interval of a Salah (prayer) between each two al-Witr. It is because al-Witr is the last. You cannot perform something before its beginning. The first is what commences first, when you perform Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) Salah (prayer) of the current night then is al-Witr.’ He (the narrator) has said that abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘Two al-Witr cannot be performed in one night except that one is a Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed.’ Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘If you perform al-Witr in the beginning of night and get up in the end of the night, then your first al-Witr is a Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed. All Salah (prayer) that you perform in a given night must be intended to be Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed. The last Salah (prayer) in a given night is Salah (prayer) for that night and not a Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed. In the same way the last al-Witr that you perform in a given night is al-Witr for that night and not a Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed.’”

Il a dit : "Si tu te retrouves avec un nombre impair de rak'ahs, que ce soit une, trois, ou plus, alors complète-les comme celles que tu as manquées. Effectue une prière entre chaque paire de rak'ahs, car la dernière rak'ah ne doit pas être précédée de quoi que ce soit avant la première. Commence par rattraper la prière de ta nuit, puis effectue les rak'ahs impaires. Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : 'Il ne doit pas y avoir deux rak'ahs impaires dans une nuit sans que l'une d'elles ne soit un rattrapage.' Et il a dit : 'Si tu as effectué des rak'ahs impaires au début de la nuit et que tu te lèves à la fin de la nuit, alors les premières doivent être rattrapées. Et toute prière effectuée durant ta nuit doit être rattrapée jusqu'à la dernière prière. Que la dernière prière de ta nuit soit impaire, et que la dernière prière impaire soit celle de ta nuit.'"

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Amr ibn ‘Uthman from Ali ibn ’Abd Allah from ’Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man on whom there is Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) optional Salah (prayer), so much that he does not know how many because of its great number. What is he required to do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He performs so many that cannot say how many is performed. In this way he has performed Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed according to his knowledge.’ I then said, ‘He is not able to perform all the Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) what is missed because of his business.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If his business is for his living which is necessary or it is for the needs of his brother in belief, then he is not obligated for anything in this matter. If his business is for the worldly matters which keeps him away from his Salah (prayer), then it is necessary for him to perform the Qada’ (compensatory prayer), otherwise, he will meet Allah as one considered neglectful, humiliated and destroying the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah.’ I then said, ‘He is not able to perform the Qada’ (compensatory prayer). Can he pay charity?’ He (the Imam) remained quiet for a while then said, ‘Yes, he can give charity.’ I then asked, ‘How much charity he must pay?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘As much as he can afford. The minimum is one handful of food to a destitute for every Salah (prayer).’ I then asked, ‘For how many Salah (prayer) one handful of food to a destitute is sufficient?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is for every two Rak‘at of nightly Salah (prayer) and every two Rak‘at of Salah (prayer) during the day.’ I then said, ‘He is not able to do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one handful for four Rak‘at.’ I said, ‘He cannot give that much.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one handful for Salah (prayer) of every night and one handful for Salah (prayer) of every day but Salah (prayer) is better, Salah (prayer) is better.’”

14. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ‘Amr ibn ‘Uthman from Muhammad ibn ‘Adhafir from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Optional Salah (prayer) is like present; whenever given is accepted.’”

Sache que la prière surérogatoire est comme un cadeau ; dès qu'il est présenté, il est accepté.

15. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Asbat from A number of our people who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, the first, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, whenever distressed would not perform optional Salah (prayer).”

L'Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Awwal (que la paix soit sur lui) avait l'habitude de délaisser les prières surérogatoires lorsqu'il était occupé.

16. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by ibn Ma’bad or someone other than him who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that the Holy prophet has said, ‘Hearts work with interest or with abhorrence. When they are interested, perform optional Salah (prayer) but when they have abhorrence then hold to obligatory Salah (prayer).’”

Les cœurs ont des inclinations et des rejets. Lorsqu'ils s'inclinent, faites des actes surérogatoires, et lorsqu'ils se détournent, accomplissez les devoirs obligatoires.

17. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habib who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asking, ‘There is optional Salah (prayer) on me, when should I perform Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) such missed Salah (prayer)?’ He (the Imam) wrote to me in answer, ‘You can perform them whenever you like, during the day or night.’”

J'ai écrit à Abi al-Hasan al-Rida (sur lui la paix) : "Quand devrais-je accomplir la prière surérogatoire ?" Il (sur lui la paix) a répondu : "À n'importe quelle heure qui te convient, que ce soit de nuit ou de jour."

18. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith it is narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Hakam ibn Miskin from ’Abd Allah ibn Ali al-Sarrad who has said the following: “Once, abu Kahmas asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Should a man perform his optional Salah (prayer) in one or in different places?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, one should perform them here and there because they testify in one’s favor on the Day of Judgment.’”

Un homme accomplit-il ses prières surérogatoires à un endroit spécifique ou les répartit-il? Non, mais il les répartit ici et là, car elles témoigneront en sa faveur le Jour de la Résurrection.

19. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn all-Rayyan who has said the following: “I once, wrote to abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked about a man who performs Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) certain Salah (prayer). It is of the fifty Rak‘at and he performs it in Masjid al-Haram or Masjid of the Messenger of Allah or Masjid of al-Kufah. Are such Salah (prayer) counted in multiples as is narrated from your ancestors, ‘Alayhim al-Salam ? Because of being performed in these Masjids, are they counted to compensate for what is on him like the ten thousand Rak‘at as reward, for which he can perform only one hundred Rak‘at, in these Masjids, or less or more and how it works for him?’ He (the Imam) (wrote) with his signature, ‘It is counted in his favor in multiples. However, the case of reduced Salah (prayer) and its condition toward increase is more than toward decrease.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne la question de savoir si les prières accomplies dans certaines mosquées spécifiques seront comptées en double par rapport à ce qui a été rapporté des ancêtres, et comment agir dans cette situation. La réponse indique que les prières seront effectivement comptées en double, et qu'il ne faut raccourcir la prière que pour l'augmentation, qui est plus bénéfique que la diminution.

20. Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah has narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-fadl al-Nawfaliy from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is in a hurry. What is sufficient for him in optional Salah (prayer) for recitation?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Three Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects) for recitation, one for Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), and one for Sujud (prostrations).”’

Trois fois le tasbih (glorification) dans la récitation, une fois dans l'inclinaison et une fois dans la prosternation.