Les Fondements de l'Islam

3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufi from ‘Abbas ibn ‘Amir from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Fudayl ibn Yasar from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘Islam is based on five principles. They are: Prayer, al-Zakat (charity) fasting, Hajj and al-Wilayah. The call to none of the other principles has been so emphatic as it has been to al- Wilayah. People accepted the other four but they left aside this [al-Wilayah].’”

"L'islam est fondé sur cinq choses : la prière, l'aumône légale, le jeûne, le pèlerinage et la wilaya. Rien n'a été proclamé comme la wilaya a été proclamée. Les gens ont suivi quatre et ont abandonné celle-ci, c'est-à-dire la wilaya."

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ’Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from al-‘Arzami from his father from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘The tripod of Islam consists of prayer, al-Zakat (charity) and al-Wilayah. No one of these can be considered correct without the other two.”

"Ath-Thafiyu al-Islam, il y a trois choses : la prière, l'aumône légale et la wilaya (autorité). Aucune d'entre elles n'est valide sans son compagnon."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Salt all of them from Hammad ibn ’Isa from Hariz ibn ‘Abd Allah from Zurara from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘Islam is based on five issues. It is based on prayer, charity (al- Zakat), Hajj, Fasting and al-Wilayah.’’ Zurara has said, ‘I then asked the Imam, “Which of these is more important than the others?’” The Imam said, ‘Al-Wilayah is more important. It is the key to the others. The person who possesses Divine Authority is the guide to the other principles.’ I then asked, ‘Which is the next important?’ The Imam said, ‘Thereafter is prayer. The Messenger of Allah has said, “Prayer is the pillar of your religion.’” I then asked, ‘Which is the next important among them?’ The Imam said, ‘Al-Zakat is the one thereafter. Allah has mentioned it next to prayer but He has mentioned prayer first. The Messenger of Allah has said, “Al-Zakat removes sins.’” I then asked, ‘Which one is important thereafter?’ The Imam said, ‘Hajj is important thereafter. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has said, “It is a duty of the people to Allah to perform Hajj of the House if they are capable to do so. Whoever rejects it should know that Allah does not need anyone in the world.” (3:97) The messenger of Allah has said, “Performing Hajj that is accepted is more virtuous than twenty Rak’at optional prayer. Whoever walks around the House seven times and performs the two Rak’at prayers thereafter properly Allah will grant him cover.” He (The Messenger of Allah) did say on the ninth of the month of Dil Hajj and on the tenth of the month of Dil Hajj in Muzdalifa (a place in Makka), what he wanted to say.’ I then asked, ‘Which one is important thereafter?’ The Imam said, ‘It is fasting.’ “I then asked, ‘Why is fasting the last of all in importance?’ The Imam said, ‘The Messenger of Allah has said, “Fasting is a shield against the fire.’” The narrator has said that the Imam said, ‘The best of all things is that for which, if you miss, you do not find an alternative accept going back to achieve it. Prayer, al-Wilayah and Hajj are not of matters replaceable with their own kind. On the other hand if fasting is missed on a journey one has the choice to fast on other days as remedy, or compensate for the sin with expiation and no fasting is necessary as a remedy. In the cases of the other four issues there is no alternative for them.’ The narrator has said that the Imam then said, ‘The topmost, the peak of the issue, the key and the door to it and the pleasure of the Beneficent (Lord) is to obey the Imam properly after knowing him clearly. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, says, “Whoever obeys the Messenger he has obeyed Allah and whoever turns away from such obedience then you should know that We have not sent you to guard them.” (4:80) ‘Without recognizing the Divine Authority of the Imam, the deputy of Allah, no one has the right to receive any reward from Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy. This is true even though in his lifetime he may stand up in worship the whole night, fast during the day, give all his belongings in charity and perform Hajj every year. So also it is if he does not acknowledge the Divine Authority of his Imam with which all of one’s deeds can take place with the guidance of the Imam. Without al- Wilayah, one is not considered of the people of belief.’ Thereafter the Imam said, ‘Allah will admit, those of them who do good deeds into paradise through His extra mercy.’”

Il a dit : "Les fondements de l'islam reposent sur cinq choses : la prière, l'aumône légale, le pèlerinage, le jeûne et la wilaya (l'allégeance). Zurara a demandé : "Et laquelle de ces choses est la meilleure ?" Il a répondu : "La wilaya est la meilleure car elle en est la clé, et le wali (le guide) est celui qui les représente. J'ai demandé : "Ensuite, quelle est la meilleure après cela en mérite ?" Il a dit : "La prière, car le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a dit : "La prière est le pilier de votre religion." J'ai demandé : "Et celle qui suit en mérite ?" Il a dit : "L'aumône légale, car il l'a associée à elle et a commencé par la prière avant elle. Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a dit : "L'aumône légale efface les péchés." J'ai demandé : "Et celle qui suit en mérite ?" Il a dit : "Le pèlerinage." Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, a dit : "Et c'est un devoir envers Allah pour les gens d'accomplir le pèlerinage de la Maison pour celui qui en a les moyens." Et le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a dit : "Un pèlerinage accepté vaut mieux que vingt prières surérogatoires. Et celui qui fait le tour de cette Maison en effectuant tous ses tours de façon complète et accomplit correctement ses prières, Allah lui pardonne." Il a dit également : "Le jour d'Arafat et le jour de Muzdalifa, qu'a-t-il dit ?" J'ai demandé : "Et ce qui suit ?" Il a dit : "Le jeûne." J'ai demandé : "Et qu'en est-il du jeûne ? Est-ce la dernière de ces choses ?" Il a dit : "Le jeûne est un bouclier contre le feu. Et il a dit : "Le meilleur des actes est celui que, si tu manques, tu ne peux pas te rattraper sans le restituer tel quel. Car la prière, l'aumône légale, le pèlerinage et la wilaya, rien ne peut les remplacer si elles ne sont pas accomplies. Et si tu manques ou raccourcis ou voyages pendant le jeûne, tu peux le compenser en jeûnant d'autres jours et en donnant une aumône pour expier ce péché, sans avoir à le rattraper. Rien parmi ces quatre ne peut être compensé par autre chose. Puis il a dit : "Le sommet de l'affaire, sa cime, sa clé et la porte des choses, c'est le contentement du Tout-Miséricordieux, l'obéissance à l'Imam après l'avoir reconnu. Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, dit : "Celui qui obéit au Messager obéit à Allah. Et quiconque se détourne... Nous ne t'avons pas envoyé comme gardien sur eux." Si un homme se lève la nuit, jeûne le jour, donne en charité tout son argent, accomplit le pèlerinage toute sa vie, mais ne reconnaît pas la wilaya de l'Imam d'Allah, alors il se tourne vers lui et tous ses actes sont vains. Ce qu'il mérite auprès d'Allah, le Très-Haut, n'est pas dû à lui. Il n'est pas parmi les croyants." Puis il a dit : "Ceux-là, les bienfaisants parmi eux, Allah les fera entrer au Paradis par Sa grâce."

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Isa ibn al-Sariyy abu al-Yasa’ who has said the following: “Once I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘Teach me, please, the basic principles of Islam that are necessary for everyone to know to his limits of understanding, and if he fails to learn them to the necessary levels his religion is destroyed and Allah does not accept his deeds. What is the limit of learning about the deeds with which someone’s religion can take proper shape and Allah may accept his deeds? What are the limits and degrees of the permissible level of ignorance and lack of knowledge of certain aspects of these principles?’ “The Imam said, ‘The matters necessary to learn are to testify that no one deserves to be worshipped except Allah, that Muhammad (a.s.) is the Messenger of Allah, that whatever he has brought from Allah is the truth and to affirm that paying Zakat (charity) is a right. (Of such necessary matters is) to affirm al-Wilayah (Divine Authority of ‘ A’immah ) that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has made obligatory upon the other people to obey and acknowledge the Divine Authority of certain members of the family of Prophet Muhammad (a.s.).’ I (the narrator) then asked the Imam, ‘Is al-Wilayah of an exclusive nature?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has said, “O believers, obey Allah, obey the Messenger and those among you who possess Divine Authority.” (4:59) The Merssenger of Allah has said, “Whoever dies without knowing who the Imam of his time is, he is considered as a person dying in the time of ignorance (as an unbeliever).” There was the Messenger of Allah and there was Ali (a.s.) but others said there was Mu’awiyah. Then there was al-Hassan (a.s.) and then there was al-Husayn (a.s.). Others said that there were Yazid ibn Mu’awiyah and Husayn ibn Ali. They were not equals and certainly they were not equals, meaning thereby Ali, al-Hassan and al-Husayn with Mu’awiyah and his son Yazid.’ He has said that the Imam remained calm for a while and then said, ‘Do you want me to tell you additional facts?’ Hakam ibn al-’A’War said, ‘Yes, may Allah keep my soul in service to your cause.’ The Imam said, ‘Then there was Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.) then there was Muhammad ibn Ali, abu Ja’far. The Shi’a before abu Ja’far did not know the rules of Hajj, the lawful matters and the unlawful matters until there was abu Ja’far (a.s.). He opened it (system of religion) for them and explained to them the rules of their Hajj, the lawful and unlawful matters. People began to realize that they needed him very much while before they would ask other people for what they needed. This is how the facts are. The earth does not remain without an Imam and one who dies without knowing, who his Imam is, he is as though he was of the people of the dark ages of ignorance. The time when you need al-Wilayah most urgently is the time when your soul reaches here (pointing to his throat) and the world is cut off from you and then you say, ‘I have certainly been on the good side of the affairs, (a supporter of al-Wilayah).”’’ Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ‘Isa ibn al-Sariyy abu al-Yasa’ from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) a similar Hadith.

Abu Ali Al-Ash'ari a rapporté de Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Jabbar, de Safwan, d'Isa ibn As-Sari, d'Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix) quelque chose de similaire.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr from Muthanna al-Hannat from ‘Abd Allah ‘Ajlan from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘Islam is based on five principles. They are al-Wilayah, (accepting the Divine Authority of ‘ A’immah ), the prayer, al- Zakat (charity), fasting in the month of Ramadan and al-Hajj.’”

L'islam repose sur cinq piliers: la wilaya (la maîtrise spirituelle), la prière, l'aumône légale, le jeûne du mois de Ramadan et le pèlerinage.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Salih ibn al-Sindy from Ja’far ibn Bashir from Aban from Fudayl from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘Islam is based on five principles: The prayer, al-Zakat (charity), fasting, al-Hajj and al-Wilayah. The call to no one of the other principles has been so emphatic as it was for al-Wilayah on the day of al-Ghadir (name of a place between Makka and Madina.)”’

قَالَ بُنِيَ الإسْلامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ الصَّلاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَالصَّوْمِ وَالْحَجِّ وَالْوَلايَةِ وَلَمْ يُنَادَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ مَا نُودِيَ بِالْوَلايَةِ يَوْمَ الْغَدِيرِ.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Isa al-Sariyy who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) to teach me the principles of Islam in such a way that on holding to them my deeds can take pure and correct form and thereafter the ignorance of whatever I am ignorant of cannot harm me. The Imam said, ‘Of the principles of Islam are to testify and acknowledge that no one deserves to be worshipped except Allah, and that Muhammad (a.s.) is the Messenger of Allah. Of such principles is to affirm and acknowledge that whatever he has brought is from Allah, to pay al-Zakat (charity) is a right and that al-Wilayah which Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has commanded to accept and acknowledge is al-Wilayah (Divine Authority) of Ahl al-Bayt of Muhammad (a.s.). The Messenger of Allah has said, “Whoever dies while he does not know who his Imam is, he is considered as one who has died in the darkness of ignorance.” Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has said, “Obey Allah, obey the Messenger of Allah and the persons among you who possess Divine Authority.” (4:59). Imam Ali was there (possessed Divine Authority) and after him were Imam Hassan, Imam Husayn and Ali ibn al-Husayn and after them was Muhammad ibn Ali, recipients of divine supreme covenant, successively and thus it will continue. The land will not take an ideal shape without an Imam. Whoever dies while he does not know who his Imam is, he is considered as one who has died in the darkness of ignorance. What everyone of you will need very urgently when his soul will reach here (pointing to his chest) is to know him (the Imam) so that he can say it is certain that I have been holding to a genuinely good matter.”’

10. It is narrated from him (Ali ibn Ibrahim) from abu al-Jarud who has said the following: “Once I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.) ‘Do you know, O child of the Messenger of Allah that I love you ( Ahl al-Bayt). that 1 have disassociated myself from other people to associate with you only and that I support you ( Ahl al-Bayt )?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, I know it.’ 1 then said, ‘I ask you to answer my question; my eyes are restricted, I walk very little and I am not able to visit you except every now and then.’ The Imam said, ‘What is your question?’ I then said, ‘What is the religion by which you obey Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, and the religion that your Ahl al-Bayt follow so that I will also obey Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, by the rules of your religion?’ The Imam said, ‘Although your introduction was brief, your question is a great question. By Allah, I will certainly teach you my religion and the religion of my ancestors by the rules of which we worship Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy. It is to testify that no one deserves to be worshipped except Allah, that Muhammad (a.s.) is the Messenger of Allah, and that whatever (message) he has brought is from Allah. That it is obligatory to love and support those who support and love us ( Ahl al-Bayt ) and disassociate from our enemies. That it is obligatory to obey our commands, cherish the hope for the coming of the one from us who will rise with Divine Authority and to strive hard ( Ijtihad) for progress in the matters of religion and live a life of piety, warn’ (stay away from sins).”’

Par Allah, je te donnerai ma religion et la religion de mes ancêtres par laquelle nous adorons Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, en témoignant qu'il n'y a de divinité que Allah et que Muhammad est le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille), en acceptant ce qui vient de la part d'Allah, en suivant notre guide, en nous désavouant de nos ennemis, en obéissant à nos ordres, en attendant notre Guide, en faisant des efforts et en étant pieux.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Salih ibn al-Sindy from Ja’far ibn al-Bashir from Ali ibn abu Hamza from abu Basir who has said the following: “Once I heard abu Basir asking Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, teach me the religion that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has made obligatory for people to follow. Teach me the religion of which they must not remain ignorant and besides which no other religion is accepted. What is this religion?’ The Imam said, ‘Repeat your question.’ He repeated his question. The Imam said, ‘It (such religion) is to testify that no one else deserves to be worshipped except Allah, that Muhammad (a.s.) is the Messenger of Allah, and that it is obligatory to perform prayer, pay al-Zakat (charity), perform Hajj of the House if one has the ability and fast in the month of Ramadan.’ Then he remained silent for a little while and said twice, “ Al-Wilayah .” He then said, ‘This is what Allah has made obligatory upon His servants. The Lord on the Day of Judgment will not sk His servants why you have not done more than what I had made obligatory upon you. However, if someone does more good deeds Allah will grant him additional rewards. The Messenger of Allah has set up noble and beautiful traditions and it is very good for the people to practice them all.’”

[Contenu principal du hadith traduit]

12. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’ alia ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Jumhur from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from abu Zayd al-Hallal from ‘Abd al-Hamid ibn abu al-‘Ala’ al-Azdi who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has made five things obligatory upon His creatures. He has given them permission in four but in one of them He has not given permission.’”

J'ai entendu Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) dire : "Certes, Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, a imposé à Ses créatures cinq choses, Il a rendu licites quatre d'entre elles et n'a pas permis la cinquième."

13. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Aban from Isma’il al-Ja’fi who has said the following: “Once a man came to abu Ja’far (a.s.). He had a book with him. Abu Ja’far said, ‘This is the book of a polemicist who wants to learn a religion that if followed ones deeds are accepted.’ The man said, ‘May the blessings of Allah be with you, this is exactly what I want.’ Abu Ja’far (a.s.) said, ‘Such religion is to testify that no one deserves to be worshipped except Allah, Who has no partners. That Muhammad (a.s.) is His servant and Messenger. And that you affirm and acknowledge that whatever he has brought is from Allah. That one has love (in his heart) for us, Ahl al-Bayt, and disassociates himself from our enemies, obeys our commands, maintains piety and humbleness in life and has hope in the rise from us of one with the Divine Authority. For us there is a government and he will establish it when Allah wills.’”

Ce hadith est tiré du livre Al-Kāfi - Volume 2, Hadith 71.

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and abu Ali al-Ash’ari from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar all of them from Safwan from ‘Amr ibn Harith who has said the following: “Once I went to see Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) and he was in the house of his brother, ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad, and I said, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, what has brought you to this house?’ ‘Seeking privacy,’ said the Imam. I said, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, can I state before you my religion?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, you may do so.’ I then said, ‘I follow a religion (that requires me) to obey Allah and testify that no one else deserves to be worshipped except Allah Who has no partners. That Muhammad (a.s.) is His servant and messenger, that the Hour (of reckoning) will certainly come, that Allah will bring all people from their graves, that it is obligatory to pray, pay Zakat (charity), fast in the month of Ramadan and perform Hajj of the House. I affirm and acknowledge the Divine Authority of Ali ibn abu Talib after the Messenger of Allah, the Divine Authority of al-Hassan, al- Husayn, the Divine Authority of Ali ibn al-Husayn, the Divine Authority of Muhammad ibn Ali and your Divine Authority after him (your father), recipients of divine supreme covenant. You are my Imam. With such beliefs I live and with them I will die and such is my religion before Allah.’ The Imam said, ‘Such, O ‘Amr, I swear by Allah, is the religion of Allah and the religion of my ancestors and such is the religion that 1 follow to obey Allah in private and in public. Maintain piety before Allah and hold your tongue except from good and do not say, “I have guided myself.” In fact, Allah has guided you. Give thanks to Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, for the favor that He has done to you. Do not be of those who on their moving forward are hit in the eyes or when moving backwards are hit from the back. Do not allow people ride on your shoulders for if you do so they cause injury to your shoulders.’”

Je suis entré chez Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) alors qu'il était dans la maison de son frère Abdullah ibn Muhammad. Je lui ai dit : "Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour toi, qu'est-ce qui t'a amené dans cette maison ?" Il a répondu : "Je cherchais à me divertir." J'ai dit : "Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour toi, puis-je te poser une question sur ma religion ?" Il a dit : "Oui." J'ai dit : "Je témoigne qu'il n'y a de divinité digne d'adoration qu'Allah, unique sans associé, et que Muhammad est Son serviteur et Son messager, et que l'Heure viendra sans aucun doute, et qu'Allah ressuscitera ceux qui sont dans les tombes, et l'établissement de la prière, le paiement de la zakat, le jeûne du mois de Ramadan, le pèlerinage à la Maison sacrée, et la wilaya (autorité) pour Ali, le Commandeur des croyants, après le Messager d'Allah, et la wilaya pour al-Hasan et al-Husayn, et la wilaya pour Ali ibn al-Husayn, et la wilaya pour Muhammad ibn Ali, et pour toi après lui, que les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur eux tous, et que vous êtes mes Imams, que je suive en vie et après ma mort, et je témoigne qu'Allah m'a guidé par ce avec quoi Il a guidé mes ancêtres, secrètement et ouvertement. Craignez Allah et retenez votre langue sauf pour dire du bien, et ne dites pas : 'J'ai guidé moi-même', mais c'est Allah qui t'a guidé. Remercie pour ce qu'Allah t'a accordé et ne sois pas de ceux qui, lorsqu'ils sont en avant, sont critiqués dans les yeux, et lorsqu'ils sont en arrière, sont critiqués dans le dos. Ne charge pas les gens au-delà de leur capacité, car si tu charges les gens au-delà de leur capacité, ils briseront ton dos."

15. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Ni’man from ibn Maskan from Sulayman ibn Khalid from abu Ja’far recipient of divine supreme covenant, who has said the following: “Do you want me to teach you the root of Islam, its branch and its peak? I said, ‘Yes, may Allah take my soul in service for your cause.’ The Imam said, ‘Its root is prayer, its branch is al-Zakat (charity) and its peak is Jihad (the hard work in defense and preaching of the belief).’ The Imam then said, ‘If you want 1 can teach you about the gates to all good.’ I said, ‘Yes, please, May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, do so.’ “The Imam said, ‘Fasting is a shield against fire, charity removes sins and of the gates to good is to stand up (for worship) during the night to speak of Allah.’ He then read (the words of Allah) ‘They do not allow their sides to rest in bed (but they stand up at night to pray to Allah).”’ (32:16)

Je vais te parler des fondements de l'Islam, de ses branches et du sommet de son palmier. J'ai dit : Oui, que je sois sacrifié pour toi. Il dit : Quant à son fondement, c'est la prière, et sa branche, c'est l'aumône, et le sommet de son palmier, c'est le jihad. Puis il dit : Si tu veux, je te parlerai des portes du bien. J'ai dit : Oui, que je sois sacrifié pour toi. Il dit : Le jeûne est une protection contre le feu, l'aumône efface les péchés, et le fait pour un homme de se lever au milieu de la nuit pour invoquer Dieu. Puis il récita : "Leurs flancs délaissent les lits" (Sourate As-Sajda, verset 16).